Cattle co-infection of Echinococcus granulosus and Fasciola hepatica results in a different systemic cytokine profile than single parasite infection

dc.contributor.authorCorrea, Felipe
dc.contributor.authorHidalgo, Christian
dc.contributor.authorStoore, Caroll
dc.contributor.authorJimenez, Mauricio
dc.contributor.authorHernandez, Marcela
dc.contributor.authorParedes, Rodolfo
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-28T06:38:48Z
dc.date.available2020-12-28T06:38:48Z
dc.date.issued2020-09
dc.descriptionSupporting information: S1 Checklist. S1 File. Serological concentrations (ng/mL) for IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1 and IFN-γ from Control, Single infected and co-infected cattle. S2 File. Serological concentrations (ng/mL) for IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IFN- γ, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-10 from cattle with fertile and infertile echinococcal cysts.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractE. granulosus is a cestode that causes Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease with worldwide presence. The immune response generated by the host against the metacestode induces a permissive Th2 response, as opposed to pro-inflammatory Th1 response. In this view, mixed Th2 and regulatory responses allow parasite survival. Overall, larval Echinococcus infections induce strong regulatory responses. Fasciola hepatica, another common helminth parasite, represents a major infection in cattle. Co-infection with different parasite species in the same host, polyparasitism, is a common occurrence involving E. granulosus and F. hepatica in cattle. ‘While it is known that infection with F. hepatica also triggers a polarized Th2/Treg immune response, little is reported regarding effects on the systemic immune response of this example of polyparasitism. F. hepatica also triggers immune responses polarized to the Th2/ Treg spectrum. Serum samples from 107 animals were analyzed, and were divided according to their infection status and Echinococcal cysts fertility. Cytokines were measured utilizing a Milliplex Magnetic Bead Panel to detect IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-18. Cattle infected only with F. hepatica had the highest concentration of every cytokine analyzed, with both 4.24 and 3.34-fold increases in IL-10 and IL-4, respectively, compared to control animals, followed by E. granulosus and F. hepatica co-infected animals with two-fold increase in IL-10 and IL-4, compared to control animals, suggesting that E. granulosus co-infection dampens the cattle Th2/Treg immune response against F. hepatica. When considering Echinococcal cyst fertility and systemic cytokine concentrations, fertile cysts had higher IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-18 concentrations, while infertile cysts had higher IL-10 concentrations. These results show that E. granulosus co-infection lowers Th1 and Th2 cytokine serological concentration when compared to F. hepatica infection alone. E. granulosus infections show no difference in IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-18 levels compared with control animals, highlighting the immune evasion mechanisms of this cestode.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentCompanion Animal Clinical Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianpm2020en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipAgencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)/Chileen_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.plosone.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationCorrêa F, Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Jimenez M, Hernandez M, Paredes R (2020) Cattle co-infection of Echinococcus granulosus and Fasciola hepatica results in a different systemic cytokine profile than single parasite infection. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0238909. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238909.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1371/journal.pone.0238909
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/77505
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.rights© 2020 Corrêa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.en_ZA
dc.subjectCattleen_ZA
dc.subjectInfectionen_ZA
dc.subjectParasiteen_ZA
dc.subjectImmuneen_ZA
dc.subjectEchinococcus granulosusen_ZA
dc.subjectFasciola hepaticaen_ZA
dc.subjectSystemic cytokine profileen_ZA
dc.titleCattle co-infection of Echinococcus granulosus and Fasciola hepatica results in a different systemic cytokine profile than single parasite infectionen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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