Investigating potential differences in the approaches to studying of gifted and normative learners via PISA math tests results

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Simut, Corneliu Cristian
Godor, Brian

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Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb

Abstract

For the past few decades, the way students learn, that is, their “approaches to studying” have been characterized by the students’ perception of their academic environment, conceptions about learning, and the perception of oneself as a learning agent. Equally, the differences between gifted and average learners in terms of their approaches to learning remain unclear. Hence, this research utilized the data from the American edition of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA-2009) to assess the aforementioned potential differences in 15-year-old students. The research utilized structural equation modelling, wherein multigroup analysis was performed. Invariance was revealed between the two groups, and subsequent mean testing revealed all three approaches significantly differed between the groups. Gifted learners employed higher levels of control and monitoring strategies, while average students employed higher levels of memorization. Implications of this study for teaching practices are discussed in terms of adjusting the curriculum to allow gifted learners to be more a part of the classroom learning experience, through teachers’ use of classroom differentiation techniques. Equally, non-gifted students should be supported in moving away from memorization techniques and employing more elaboration strategies.
Posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća način na koji učenici uče, tj. njihovi „pristupi učenju” karakterizirani su učeničkom percepcijom vlastite obrazovne okoline, njihovim koncepcijama o učenju i percepcijom sebe kao aktivnih sudionika u procesu učenja. Jednako tako, razlike između pristupa učenju darovitih i prosječnih učenika ostaju nejasne. Stoga su u ovom istraživanju korišteni podatci američkoga Međunarodnoga programa za ispitivanje znanja i vještina učenika (PISA-2009) kako bi ispitalo prije spomenute razlike na uzorku petnaestogodišnjih učenika. U ovom istraživanju upotrijebljeno je strukturirano modeliranje, unutar kojega je provedena analiza višestrukih skupina. Ustanovljena je invarijanta između dvije skupine, a posljedično testiranje aritmetičkih sredina pokazalo je da se primjena tri istraživana pristupa učenju znatno razlikuje između skupina. Daroviti učenici koristili su više razine strategija kontrole i nadgledanja, dok su prosječni učenici koristili više razine zapamćivanja. Implikacije ovoga istraživanja za praksu poučavanja odnose se na prilagođavanje kurikula s ciljem pružanja više prilika darovitim učenicima za sudjelovanje kroz diferencijaciju nastave. Slično tome, prosječne učenike treba podupirati u njihovu odmicanju od tehnika zapamćivanja i u korištenju strategija elaboracije.

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Keywords

Approaches to studying, Gifted learners, Learning strategies, Metacognitive skills, PISA math tests, Daroviti ucenici, Metakognitivne vjestine, PISA testovi iz matematike, Pristupi ucenju, PISA testovi iz matematike, Strategije ucenja, SDG-04: Quality education

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG-04:Quality Education

Citation

Simut, C. & Godor, B. 2023, 'Investigating potential differences in the approaches to studying of gifted and normative learners via PISA math tests results', Croatian Journal of Education, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 101-138. https://DOI.org/10.15516/cje.v25i1.4413.