The influence of mindfulness and self-compassion on entrepreneurial learning from failure : insights from a mindfulness training programme

Abstract

This study seeks to explain the influence of mindfulness and self-compassion on entrepreneurial learning from failure. Failure is a valuable source of learning for entrepreneurs, but it can generate powerful negative emotions and learning outcomes are inconsistent. Entrepreneurship scholars have largely viewed entrepreneurial learning from failure through the lens of experiential learning theory, but the literature is fragmented, and we do not adequately understand how learning from failure works. There is evidence from psychology that mindfulness and self-compassion may have beneficial effects for entrepreneurial learning from failure, and mindfulness training has been found to generate these mechanisms. However, entrepreneurship research on mindfulness and self-compassion is sparse, and it is not clear how these mechanisms might influence entrepreneurial learning from failure. The research question is therefore: In the contexts of entrepreneurial failure and re-entry, how do mechanisms of mindfulness and self-compassion influence outcomes for entrepreneurial learning from failure in individual entrepreneurs? To answer this question, a multiple case study was conducted, cast as a realist evaluation of participants in a mindfulness training programme for entrepreneurs who are trying again after previously failing. Qualitative data was collected longitudinally throughout the study. Thematic analysis was conducted to refine configurations of contexts, mechanisms and outcomes which explain how mindfulness and self-compassion influence entrepreneurial learning from failure. The study found that mindfulness mechanisms influence how entrepreneurs experience failure and re-entry, generating secondary mechanism which in turn go on to influence the reflecting process, resulting in attributions which support learning. The study also found that selfcompassion influences the conceptualising processes of learning, leading to new ideas about success and failure, a more harmoniously passionate approach to entrepreneurship, increased self-efficacy and feeling more connected. Theoretically, this research refines our understanding of entrepreneurial learning from failure as an experiential learning process and explains how mindfulness and self-compassion influence specific processes in entrepreneurial learning from failure. The study also contributes to realist evaluation methodology and advances practice by refining mindfulness training protocols for entrepreneurs. These contributions advance our understanding of learning from failure and our ability to assist entrepreneurs to make a success of their subsequent ventures.