Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africa

dc.contributor.authorBornman, Maria S. (Riana)
dc.contributor.authorChevrier, J.
dc.contributor.authorRauch, S.
dc.contributor.authorCrause, Madelein
dc.contributor.authorObida, Muvhulawa
dc.contributor.authorSathyanarayana, S.
dc.contributor.authorBarr, D.B.
dc.contributor.authorEskenazi, B.
dc.contributor.emailriana.bornman@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-10T06:10:57Z
dc.date.issued2016-07
dc.description.abstractDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is used for malaria control by 10 countries, nine of which are in Africa. Technical DDT contains various isomers with 65-80% insecticidal p,p'-DDT and 15-21% o,p'-DDT, an estrogenic chemical, while the persistent metabolite of p,p'-DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), is an antiandrogen. In utero antiandrogenic exposure reduces anogenital distance in animal models and the anal position index in a single study. This study examined the associations between mother's serum DDT and DDE levels at delivery and anogenital distance in their children at birth and age 1 year. Data were collected as part of the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a birth cohort study located in rural South Africa. DDT and DDE concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from 752 mothers at delivery. Anogenital distance measurements, taken at birth (n = 671) and age 1 year (n = 674), included anofourchette and anoclitoral distances in girls, and anoscrotal and anopenile lengths in boys. We also measured anococcygeal and coccyx-fourchette distances in girls, while in boys, we measured anococcygeal and coccyx-scrotal distances as well as penile length and penile width. The anal position index is calculated for both sexes as anoscrotal/coccyx-scrotal in boys and anofourchette/coccyx-fourchette in girls. We found no associations between p,p'-DDT/-DDE or o,p'-DDT and anogenital distance measurements at birth in either boys or girls. At 1 year, o,p'-DDE was negatively associated with anofourchette in girls (β =-1.32 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.27, -0.38) and positively associated with penile width in boys (β = 0.30 mm, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.60). The results do not suggest an overt antiandrogenic or estrogenic effect on anogenital distance after long-term DDT exposure. These weak associations may be due to chance.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)en_ZA
dc.description.embargo2017-07-31
dc.description.librarianhb2016en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2047-2927en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationBornman, MS, Chevrier, J, Rauch, S, Crause, M, Obida, M, Sathyanarayana, S, Barr, DB & Eskenazi, B 2016, 'Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africa', Andrology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 608-615.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2047-2919 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2047-2927(online)
dc.identifier.other10.1111/andr.12235
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/58455
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherWileyen_ZA
dc.rights© 2016 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africa , Journal of Andrology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 608-615, 2016. doi : 10.1111/andr.12235. The definite version is available at : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2047-2927.en_ZA
dc.subjectAnogenital distanceen_ZA
dc.subjectBoysen_ZA
dc.subjectGirlsen_ZA
dc.subjectDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)en_ZA
dc.subjectDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)en_ZA
dc.subjectVenda health examination of mothers, babies and their environment (VHEMBE)en_ZA
dc.titleDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure and anogenital distance in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study, South Africaen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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