Examining the consequences of tinnitus using the multidimensional perspective

Abstract

BACKGROUND : Tinnitus is one of the most frequent chronic conditions in adults with wide range of consequences. AIMS/OBJECTIVES : The aim of the current study was to determine the problems and life effects reported by individuals with tinnitus using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. MATERIAL AND METHODS : The study used a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 344 individuals with tinnitus completed a series of questionnaires. The responses to open-ended questions were linked to ICF categories. RESULTS : Activity limitations and participation restrictions were most dominant consequence of tinnitus followed by effect on the body function with limited emphasis on the contextual factors. Frequently reported responses to body function involved emotional functions (b152), attention function (b140), and sleep functions (b134). Commonly reported responses to activity limitations and participation restrictions were recreation and leisure (d920), conversation (d350), communicating with—receiving—spoken messages (d310), listening (d115), and remunerative employment (d850). Sound intensity (e2500) and sound quality (e2501) were the frequently reported responses to environmental factors. Coping styles, past and present experiences, and lifestyle were the most frequently occurring personal factors. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE : The study highlighted some key influencing factors of tinnitus in different ICF domains which can be helpful in rehabilitation planning.