The township at night : situating and exploring the socio-economic dynamics and impact of the night-time economy in Hammanskraal, Gauteng

Abstract

Many cities across the world have undergone many transformations. They have gone from being hubs of production to hubs of consumption. Between these two, deindustrialisation led to cities becoming derelict, dull, and low in population density. People saw no need to visit cities after losing their jobs in the industries. To avoid further decay, neoliberal policies introduced the culture of consumerism. The nighttime economy has since become the engine of vitality, attracting people and businesses back into cities. The nighttime economy refers to the expanded provision, interaction, and consumption of leisure activities and experiences associated with patterns of collective nighttime sociability and entertainment. South African cities also exhibit a similar pattern, and, in contrast to their counterparts in the Global North, they feature an element of informality. These patterns have been diffused into the townships and rural areas. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study examined the socioeconomic impacts of the nighttime economy in the township of Hammanskraal, Pretoria. The study attempts to compare the economic benefits with the social costs. The study had four objectives. First, the study determined the scope and spatial distribution of the night-time economy in Hammanskraal. Second, it explored the varied impact of the night-time economy on residents. Third, the study examined the broader economic impact of the night-time economy on the surrounding communities. Lastly, the study aimed to measure social cohesiveness, vibrancy, and entertainment among locals in Hammanskraal. The study found that the nighttime economy is still in its infancy stages, and nighttime establishments are sparsely distributed across the township. There is, however, evidence of a spontaneous nightlife characterised by public drinking. Economically, it has played a pivotal role in employing residents and stimulating the informal economy. For patrons, this industry provides distinct hubs for socialisation, fun and entertainment. For the affected residents, the nighttime economy is thought to attract criminal activities, large crowds that indulge in antisocial behaviour and noise. It is recommended that the negative impacts of the nighttime economy be mitigated through greater policy recognition and improved law enforcement.