Biomarkers of endothelial activation in black South African HIV-positive subjects are associated with both high viral load and low CD4 counts

dc.contributor.authorMezoh, Genevieve
dc.contributor.authorLutchman, Nereshni
dc.contributor.authorWorsley, Catherine M.
dc.contributor.authorGededzha, Maemu
dc.contributor.authorMayne, Elizabeth S.
dc.contributor.authorMartinson, Neil
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Penny L.
dc.contributor.authorCrowther, Nigel J.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-24T06:36:39Z
dc.date.available2022-06-24T06:36:39Z
dc.date.issued2022-02
dc.description.abstractThe prevalence of cardiovascular death in the HIV-infected population is higher than in uninfected individuals. Growing evidence suggests that HIV infection itself is directly linked to endothelial activation and dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether endothelial activation is present in African subjects with HIV infection and identify its possible determinants. Eighty HIV-infected treatment-naive cases, categorized into two groups based on CD4 count (38 subjects with CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm3 and 42 subjects with CD4 count >350 cells/mm3), were compared with 60 HIV-uninfected controls. A small subgroup of the HIV-infected participants (n = 13) were followed up for 18 months following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Anthropometric data, fasting lipid and glucose levels, viral load, and CD4 counts were measured as were serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The HIV-infected low CD4 group had higher levels of ICAM-1 (p < .05), VCAM-1 (p < .0005), TNF-α (p < .005), and vWF (p < .005), compared with the controls. In the HIV-infected cohort, VCAM-1 levels were negatively associated with CD4 counts (β = −0.474; p < .0005), whereas vWF levels were positively associated with viral load (β = 0.344; p < .01). Levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were reduced by ART (p < .05 vs. baseline for both), however, levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased (p < .005 vs. baseline for all). Endothelial activation and inflammation are evident in African ART-naive HIV-infected patients; the former is attenuated, and the latter is increased after 18 months of ART. In HIV-infected subjects, both immunological dysregulation and viral load are associated with biomarkers of endothelial activation.en_US
dc.description.departmentImmunologyen_US
dc.description.librarianhj2022en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe South African National Health Laboratory Service, the South African National Research Foundation, the Iris-Ellen Hodges research grant, and the University of the Witwatersrand as well as the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) under the OWSD postgraduate fellowship supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://online.liebertpub.com/aiden_US
dc.identifier.citationGenevieve Mezoh, Nereshni Lutchman, Catherine Worsley, Maemu Gededzha, Elizabeth Mayne, Neil Martinson, Penny L. Moore, and Nigel J. Crowther. Biomarkers of endothelial activation in black South African HIV-positive subjects are associated with both high viral load and low CD4 counts. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. Feb 2022. 152-161. http://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2021.0052.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0889-2229 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1931-8405 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1089/aid.2021.0052
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85941
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMary Ann Lieberten_US
dc.rights© 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersen_US
dc.subjectEndothelial activationen_US
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)en_US
dc.subjectInflammationen_US
dc.subjectCardiovascular disease (CVD)en_US
dc.titleBiomarkers of endothelial activation in black South African HIV-positive subjects are associated with both high viral load and low CD4 countsen_US
dc.typePostprint Articleen_US

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