Perceptions of pregnant women on optimal time to initiate antenatal care at selected clinics in Tshwane district, Gauteng

Abstract

Introduction: The time to initiate antenatal care (ANC) during pregnancy is very important because it contributes to better pregnancy outcomes with reduced maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal care services are the key entry point for integrated management of pregnancy related conditions that affect both mother and the infant, and those services should be initiated at the onset of pregnancy. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore and describe perceptions of pregnant women related to the optimal time to initiate antenatal care at selected clinics in the Tshwane District, Gauteng. Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was undertaken to explore and describe perceptions of pregnant women related to the optimal time to initiate antenatal care at selected clinics using semi-structured interviews for data collection. The purposive sample consisted of 10 pregnant women, five from each identified public clinic. Data were analysed using the thematic data analysis method. Trustworthiness was obtained through authenticity, credibility, dependability, conformability and transferability and ethical principles were adhered to. Findings: Three themes were identified: (a) knowledge and perceptions towards antenatal care, (b) challenges related to reporting late for antenatal care and (c) suggestions regarding optimal antenatal care visit. Literature was used to discuss and support the identified themes. Conclusion: The study highlighted the perceptions of pregnant women on the optimal time to initiate antenatal care. The women are confronted with challenges related to reporting late for ANC which included staff attitude, long queues, being non-South African and the use of contraceptives. Therefore, suggestions to help curb the challenges of late initiation of antenatal care have been clearly stipulated to improve nursing and midwifery practice.