Development of a framework to digitalize antenatal health education and information in maternal health care services in the selected district in the Gauteng province

Abstract

English: Introduction The digitalisation of the antenatal health education and information is a crucial aspect in the maternal and child health care system when caring for Generation Y pregnant women and their families. In this technological era, the implementation and utilisation of the mobile phone in support of maternal and childcare is identified as receiving increasing attention. The researcher believes that there is urgent need for digitalisation of the antenatal health education and information in the maternal healthcare which is empirically grounded from the end-user perspectives in the Gauteng Province. Aims The study aimed to develop a framework to digitalise antenatal health education and information in the maternal health services in a selected district in Gauteng Province. Objectives The objectives of the study were under two phases which are as follows: Phase I: • To explore the perceptions of pregnant women about the digitalisation of antenatal health education and information in the maternal health care services in the selected district in the Gauteng Province. • To explore the perceptions of midwives about the digitalisation of antenatal health education and information in the maternal health care services in the selected districts in the Gauteng Province. Phase II: • To develop a framework to digitalise antenatal health education and information in the maternal health care services in the selected district in Gauteng Province. • To validate the developed framework by the experts’ panel in the midwifery context by making use of the eDelphi technique method through a Qualtrics survey.

Methods The study was conducted in phases following a qualitative descriptive constructive research design using focus group discussion and semi-structured one-on-one interviews as data collection methods in Phase I. The findings from Phase I guided the development of a framework to digitalise antenatal health education and information in maternal healthcare services in a selected district in the Gauteng Province. Population The population comprises pregnant women, registered midwives, and the expert team which is comprised of experienced professionals in the midwifery context nationally and internationally. Data collection Prepared structured interview guides were used to guide the data collection process. Focus group discussions for Objective I were conducted physically. However, one-on-one interviews were used for Objective II. The interviews were conducted online and or physically, depending on the participants’ availability and preference. Six Kipling’s method was used to develop the framework. Validation of the framework was done by the expert panel through the eDelphi technique. Data analysis Data was analysed as it was collected, following the procedures outlined by Gray, Grove, and Sutherland (2017: 269). Findings The findings of Phase I of the study identified the six concepts which are: Meaning of digitalisation, HEI which must be packaged, Presentation format for digitalisation, Collaborators of the digitalisation process, Benefits of digitalisation, and Anticipated barriers. In Phase II, the framework to digitalise the antenatal health education and information in the maternal healthcare services in the selected district in the Gauteng Province was developed based on Phase I’s six concepts and was validated by experts in the midwifery context.

Recommendations Six recommendations were made on the developed framework, and five on further research. Conclusions The framework was developed from the findings of the phase 1 based on end user’s perspectives and validated by the national and external experts. Ethics and trustworthiness consideration Ethical principles and the principles of trustworthiness was ensured in the study process. Permission letters for the study were obtained from all gatekeepers.

Sepedi: Matseno Go tsenywa ga thuto le tshedimošo ya maphelo a pele ga pelego ka titšithale ke karolo ye bohlokwa mo tshepedišong ya tlhokomelo ya maphelo a bomma le bana ge go hlokomelwa basadi ba baimana ba Moloko wa Y le malapa a bona. Mo nakong ye ya theknolotši, phethagatšo le tšhomišo ya selefoune go thekga tlhokomelo ya bomma le bana e lemogwa bjalo ka yeo e amogelago šedi ye e oketšegago. Monyakišiši o dumela gore go na le tlhokego ya ka pela ya go tsenywa ga thuto ya maphelo ya pele ga pelego le tshedimošo ka titšithale ka tlhokomelong ya maphelo ya bomma yeo e theilwego ka diphihlelo go tšwa go dipono tša badiriši ba mafelelo ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Maikemišetšo Thuto ye e be e ikemišeditše go hlama tlhako ya go dira gore thuto ya maphelo a pele ga pelego le tshedimošo e be ya titšithale ditirelong tša maphelo a bomma ka seleteng se se kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Maikemišetšo Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye a be a le ka fase ga dikgato tše pedi tšeo e lego tše di latelago: Kgato ya I: Go hlahloba dikgopolo tša basadi ba baimana mabapi le go tsenywa ga thuto ya maphelo ya pele ga pelego le tshedimošo ka titšithale ditirelong tša tlhokomelo ya maphelo a bomma ka seleteng seo se kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Go hohlomiša dikgopolo tša babelegiši mabapi le go tsenywa ga thuto ya maphelo ya pele ga pelego le tshedimošo ka titšithale ditirelong tša tlhokomelo ya maphelo a bomma dileteng tše di kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Kgato ya II: Go hlama tlhako ya go dira gore thuto ya maphelo a pele ga pelego le tshedimošo e be ya titšithale ditirelong tša tlhokomelo ya maphelo a bomma ka seleteng seo se kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Go netefatša tlhako ye e hlamilwego ke phanele ya ditsebi ka seemo sa babelegiši ka go šomiša mokgwa wa thekniki ya eDelphi ka diphatišišo tša Khwalethiriki. Mekgwa Dinyakišišo di dirilwe ka dikgato ka morago ga tlhamo ya nyakišišo ye e agago ya tlhalošo ya boleng ka go šomiša poledišano ya sehlopha sa nepo le dipoledišano tša motho ka o tee ka o tee tšeo di sego tša rulaganywa gabotse bjalo ka mekgwa ya kgoboketšo ya datha mo Kgatong ya I. Dikutollo go tšwa go Kgato ya I di hlahla tlhabollo ya tlhako ya go dira gore thuto ya maphelo a pele ga pelego le tshedimošo e be ya titšithale ditirelong tša tlhokomelo ya maphelo a bomma ka seleteng se se kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng. Baagi Baagi ba akaretša basadi ba baimana, babelegiši bao ba ngwadišitšwego, le sehlopha sa ditsebi seo se bopilwego ka ditsebi tše di nago le maitemogelo ka gare ga maemo a babelegiši nageng le boditšhabatšhabeng. Kgoboketšo ya datha Dihlahli tša poledišano tše di rulagantšwego tše di lokišitšwego di šomišitšwe go hlahla tshepedišo ya kgoboketšo ya datha. Dipoledišano tša sehlopha sa nepo ya Maikemišetšo a I di dirilwe ka sebele. Le ge go le bjalo, dipoledišano tša motho ka o tee ka o tee di šomišitšwe go Nepo ya II. Dipoledišano di dirilwe inthaneteng le goba ka sebele, go ya ka go hwetšagala ga bakgathatema le kgetho. Mokgwa wa Six Kipling o ile wa šomišwa go hlabolla tlhako ye. Netefatšo ya tlhako e dirilwe ke phanele ya ditsebi ka thekniki ya eDelphi . Tshekatsheko ya datha Datha e ile ya sekaseka ge e kgoboketšwa, go latela ditshepedišo tšeo di hlalošitšwego ke Gray, Grove, le Sutherland (2017: 269). Diphihlelelo Diphihlelelo tša Kgato ya I ya dinyakišišo di laeditše dikgopolo tše tshela tšeo e lego: Tlhalošo ya titšithale, HEI yeo e swanetšego go phuthelwa, Sebopego sa tlhagišo ya titšithale, Badirišani ba tshepedišo ya titšithale, Mehola ya titšithale, le Mapheko ao a Letetšwego. Mo Kgatong ya II, tlhako ya go dira gore thuto ya maphelo a pele ga pelego le tshedimošo e be ya ditšitale ka ditirelong tša tlhokomelo ya maphelo ya bomma ka seleteng seo se kgethilwego ka Profenseng ya Gauteng e hlamilwe go ya ka dikgopolo tše tshela tša Kgato ya I gomme e tiišeditšwe ke ditsebi tša maemo a babelegiši. Ditšhišinyo Ditšhišinyo tše tshela di dirilwe ka ga tlhako ye e hlamilwego, gomme tše hlano ka ga nyakišišo ye nngwe. Diphetho Tlhako e hlamilwe go tšwa go dikhwetšo tša kgato ya 1 yeo e theilwego godimo ga dipono tša modiriši wa mafelelo gomme ya netefatšwa ke ditsebi tša bosetšhaba le tša ka ntle. Go akanya ka maitshwaro le botshepegi Melawana ya maitshwaro le melawana botshepegi e ile ya netefatšwa tshepedišong ya dinyakišišo. Mangwalo a tumelelo ya dinyakišišo tše a ile a hwetšwa go baleti ka moka ba dikgoro.

Afrikaans: Inleiding: Die digitalisering van voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting is 'n kernbelangrike aspek van die moeder- en kindergesondheidsorgstelsel wanneer daar na Generasie Y- swanger vroue en hul gesinne omgesien word. In hierdie tegnologiese era is die implementering en benutting van die selfoon ter ondersteuning van moeder- en kindersorg geïdentifiseer as iets wat toenemend aandag geniet. Die navorser glo dat daar 'n dringende behoefte is aan digitalisering van voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in moedergesondheidsorg, wat empiries gegrond is vanuit die eindgebruikersperspektiewe in Gauteng. Doelstelling: Die studie se doel was om 'n raamwerk te ontwikkel om voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in die moedergesondheidsdienste in 'n geselekteerde distrik in Gauteng te digitaliseer. Doelwitte: Die doelwitte van die studie was in twee fases verdeel, naamlik: Fase I: Om swanger vroue se opvattings oor die digitalisering van voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in die moedergesondheidsorgdienste in die gekose distrik in Gauteng te ondersoek. Om vroedvroue se opvattings oor die digitalisering van voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in die moedergesondheidsorgdienste in die gekose distrikte in Gauteng te ondersoek. Fase II: Om 'n raamwerk te ontwikkel waarvolgens voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in die moedergesondheidsorgdienste in die gekose distrik in Gauteng gedigitaliseer kan word. Om die ontwikkelde raamwerk deur ’n paneel kundiges in die vroedvroukonteks te laat valideer by wyse van 'n Qualtrics-opname wat die e-Delphi-tegniek as metode gebruik. Metodes: Die studie, met 'n kwalitatiewe beskrywende konstruktiewe navorsingsontwerp, is in fases uitgevoer. In Fase 1 is data by wyse van fokusgroepbesprekings en semigestruktureerde een-tot-een-onderhoude ingesamel. Die bevindinge van Fase I was rigtinggewend in die ontwikkeling van 'n raamwerk om voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in moedergesondheidsorgdienste in 'n geselekteerde distrik in Gauteng te digitaliseer. Populasie: Die populasie was swanger vroue, geregistreerde vroedvroue, en die span kundiges, saamgestel uit ervare professionele persone in die nasionale en internasionale vroedvrou-omgewing. Data-insameling: Voorbereide gestruktureerde onderhoudhandleidings is gebruik om die data-insamelingsproses te rig. Die fokusgroepbesprekings vir Doelwit I is fisiek gevoer. Een-tot-een-onderhoude is egter vir Doelwit II gebruik. Die onderhoude is aanlyn en/of fisiek gevoer, afhangende van die deelnemers se beskikbaarheid en voorkeur. Die Kipling-metode se ses kernvrae is gebruik om die raamwerk te ontwikkel. Die paneel kundiges het die e-Delphi-tegniek gebruik om die raamwerk te valideer. Dataontleding: Data is ontleed soos dit ingesamel is, volgens die prosedures wat deur Gray, Grove en Sutherland (2017: 269) uiteengesit is. Bevindinge: Die bevindinge van Fase I van die studie het die ses konsepte geïdentifiseer, naamlik: betekenis van digitalisering, HOI wat verpak moet word, aanbiedingsformaat vir digitalisering, medewerkers in die digitaliseringsproses, voordele van digitalisering, en verwagte hindernisse. In Fase II is die raamwerk vir die digitalisering van die voorgeboortelike gesondheidsopvoeding en -inligting in die moedergesondheidsorgdienste van die gekose distrik in Gauteng ontwikkel op grond van Fase I se ses konsepte; en dit is deur kundiges in die vroedvrou-omgewing gevalideer. Aanbevelings: Ses aanbevelings is gemaak na aanleiding van die raamwerk wat ontwikkel is, en vyf vir verdere navorsing. Gevolgtrekkings: Die raamwerk is ontwikkel uit die bevindinge van Fase I, gebaseer op die opvattings van die eindgebruikers, en dit is deur die nasionale en eksterne kundiges bekragtig. Etiek en betroubaarheidsoorweging: Etiese beginsels en die beginsels van betroubaarheid is in die studieproses geïnkorporeer. Toestemmingsbriewe om die studie uit te voer, is van alle hekwagters verkry.

IsiZulu: Isingeniso Ukusetshenziswa kwedijithali kwemfundo nemininingwane yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kuyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lokunakekela impilo yomama nengane lapho kunakekelwa abesifazane abakhulelwe be-Generation Y nemindeni yabo. Kule nkathi yezobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaselula ekusekeleni ukunakekelwa komama kanye nezingane kuhlonzwa njengokuthola ukunakwa okwandayo. Umcwaningi ukholelwa ukuthi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokufakwa kwedijithali kwezemfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nemininingwane ekunakekelweni kwezempilo komama okusekelwe kakhulu emibonweni yabasebenzisi bokugcina eSifundazweni saseGauteng. Inhloso Yocwaningo ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka lokwenza kube yidijithali yemfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng Izinhloso zocwaningo zazingaphansi kwezigaba ezimbili ezimi kanje: Isigaba 1: Ukkucubungula okucatshangelwayo ngokuphathelene nabesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuphathelene nokwenza idijithali imfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng. Ukucubungula okucatshangelwayo kwababelethisi nokwenza idijithali imfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng. Isigaba II: Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka lokwenza kube yidijithali yemfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng. Ukuqinisekisa uhlaka olusunguliwe yiphaneli yochwepheshe esimweni sababelethi ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-eDelphi ngenhlolovo ye-Qualtrics. Izindlela Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngezigaba kulandela ukwakheka kocwaningo ouhlola ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani futhi ngobani okuchazayo kusetshenziswa ingxoxo yeqembu okugxilwe kulo kanye nezingxoxo ezenzelwe umuntu ngamunye njengezindlela zokuqoqa idatha eSigabeni I. Okutholakele Esigabeni I kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kohlaka lokwenza kube yidijithali yemfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng. Inani Labantu Labantu lihlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe, ababelethisi ababhalisiwe, kanye neqembu lochwepheshe elihlanganisa ochwepheshe asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu emkhakheni wokubelethisa kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuqoqwa kwedatha Iziqondiso zezingxoxo ezilungiselelwe zisetshenziselwe ukuqondisa inqubo yokuqoqa idatha. Izingxoxo zamaqembu okugxilwe kuwo ku-Objective I zaziqhutshwa ngokoqobo. Nokho, izingxoxo zomuntu ngamunye zasetshenziselwa i-Objective II. Izingxoxo zaziqhutshwa ku-inthanethi noma ngokoqobo, kuye ngokutholakala nokuthandwa ababambiqhaza. Indlela ka-Six Kipling yasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa uhlaka. Ukuqinisekiswa kohlaka kwenziwa yiphaneli yochwepheshe ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-eDelphi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha Idatha kwahlaziywa njengoba yaqoqwa, kulandela izinqubo ezichazwe uGrey, Grove, and Sutherland (2017: 269). Okutholakele Okutholakele Esigabeni I socwaningo kukhombe imiqondo eyisithupha eyile: Okushiwo ukwenziwa kwedijithali, I-HI okumelwe ifakwe emaphaketheni, Ifomethi yokwethulwa kokwenziwa kwedijithali, Abasebenzisana nenqubo yokwenziwa kwedijithali, Izinzuzo zokwenziwa kwedijithali, kanye nezithiyo Ezilindelekile. Esigabeni II, uhlaka lokwenza kube yidijithali yemfundo yezempilo yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nolwazi ezinsizeni zokunakekela kwezempilo komama esifundeni esikhethiwe Esifundazweni saseGauteng okwathuthukisa ngokusekelwe emiqondweni eyisithupha yeSigaba I futhi kuqinisekiswe ochwepheshe esimweni sababelethisi. Izincomo Kwenziwe izincomo eziyisithupha ohlelweni olusunguliwe, kanye nokuhlanu ocwaningweni olwengeziwe. Iziphetho Uhlaka lwenziwe ngokutholakele esigabeni 1 ngokusekelwe emibonweni yomsebenzisi wokugcina futhi lwaqinisekiswa ochwepheshe bakazwelonke nabangaphandle. Ukucabangela izimiso zokuziphatha nokwethembeka Izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezimiso zokwethembeka kwaqinisekiswa enqubweni yocwaningo. Izincwadi zemvume yocwaningo zitholakale kubo bonke abalawula ukungena.