An exploration of how masculinity/ies is/are perceived to influence the help-seeking behaviours of men who have survived rape : the rape counsellors’ perspectives

Abstract

The existing literature indicates a significant need for research on how masculinity/ies function(s) in maladaptive ways for men, such as a barrier to seeking professional help. This study attempted to fill the gap in the existing literature by critically exploring the influence of masculinity/ies on the help-seeking behaviours of men who survived rape. This study specifically aimed to explore rape counsellors' views, understanding and experiences of how masculinity/ies operate(s) in the peculiar help-seeking behaviours of men who survived rape. To this effect, this study employed a qualitative methodology and a phenomenological research design. This study used a purposive sampling method to recruit nine rape counsellors working with men who survived rape in the Moshate Men's Rights Organisation and the MatrixMen Organisation. Data were collected using individual telephonic unstructured interviews with the rape counsellors. The data was analysed using social constructionist thematic analysis, underpinned by Raewyn Connell's theory of multiple masculinities. The current study held a social constructionist point of view of reality. The major themes that emerged from this study include, firstly, masculinity/ies and the rape of men. Under this theme, two sub-themes emerged, namely, (1) masculinity/ies and (2) sexuality. Secondly, masculinity/ies and help-seeking. Under this theme, five sub-themes emerged; namely, (1) restrictive emotionality, (2) self-reliance (or independence), (3) there is a stigma towards men and seeking psychological services, (4) lack of training and (5) lack of support. Thirdly, the understanding of the rape of men. Lastly, socio-economic factors and help-seeking. Three sub-themes that emerged under this theme are (1) economic factors, (2) few support systems and services and (3) misrepresentation of the rape of men.