Historical perspective on 120 years of agriculture : highlights from research published in the SAJS

Abstract

Agriculture, an essential pillar of South Africa’s economy, has evolved through a century of scientific advancements. This Perspective highlights the significant research contributions to the improvement of citrus and maize production, addressing historical challenges and emphasising ongoing issues such as climate change, water scarcity and soil quality. The introduction of modern agricultural practices, including hybrid seeds, genetic modification, and advanced irrigation techniques, has transformed these crops, enabling increased productivity and global competitiveness. However, the sector faces persistent challenges, including the impacts of climate change and food security concerns, particularly in rural communities. We also explore future prospects, underscoring the importance of technology adoption and sustainable practices to enhance food security. South Africa’s agricultural research, although underfunded compared to developed nations, remains crucial for sustaining the agricultural landscape and ensuring the sector’s resilience and growth in an increasingly challenging global environment.