High-level diversity of tailed phages, eukaryote-associated viruses, and virophage-like elements in the metaviromes of antarctic soils

dc.contributor.authorZablocki, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorVan Zyl, Leonardo J.
dc.contributor.authorAdriaenssens, Evelien M.
dc.contributor.authorRubagotti, Enrico
dc.contributor.authorTuffin, Marla I.
dc.contributor.authorCary, Julie A.
dc.contributor.authorCowan, Don A.
dc.contributor.emaildon.cowan@up.ac.za.en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-01-29T10:04:26Z
dc.date.available2015-01-29T10:04:26Z
dc.date.issued2014-11
dc.description.abstractThe metaviromes of two distinct Antarctic hyperarid desert soil communities have been characterized. Hypolithic communities, cyanobacterium-dominated assemblages situated on the ventral surfaces of quartz pebbles embedded in the desert pavement, showed higher virus diversity than surface soils, which correlated with previous bacterial community studies. Prokaryotic viruses (i.e., phages) represented the largest viral component (particularly Mycobacterium phages) in both habitats, with an identical hierarchical sequence abundance of families of tailed phages (Siphoviridae>Myoviridae>Podoviridae). No archaeal viruses were found. Unexpectedly, cyanophages were poorly represented in both metaviromes and were phylogenetically distant from currently characterized cyanophages. Putative phage genomes were assembled and showed a high level of unaffiliated genes, mostly from hypolithic viruses. Moreover, unusual gene arrangements in which eukaryotic and prokaryotic virus-derived genes were found within identical genome segments were observed. Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae viruses were the second-mostabundant taxa and more numerous within open soil. Novel virophage-like sequences (within the Sputnik clade) were identified. These findings highlight high-level virus diversity and novel species discovery potential within Antarctic hyperarid soils and may serve as a starting point for future studies targeting specific viral groups.en_ZA
dc.description.librariantm2015en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research Foundation (NRF) (SANAP), the University of Waikato’s NZTABS program, Antarctica New Zealand, and the University of Pretoria Genomics Research Institute.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://aem.asm.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationZablocki, O, Van Zyl, L, Adriaenssens, EM, Rubagotti, E, Tuffin, M, Cary, C & Cowan, D 2014, 'High-level diversity of tailed phages, eukaryote-associated viruses, and virophage-like elements in the metaviromes of antarctic soils', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 80, no. 22, pp. 6888-6897.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0099-2240 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1098-5336 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1128/AEM.01525-14
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/43475
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherAmerican Society for Microbiologyen_ZA
dc.rights© 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.en_ZA
dc.subjectTailed phages,en_ZA
dc.subjectHypolithic communitiesen_ZA
dc.subjectAntarctic hyperarid desert soilen_ZA
dc.subjectEukaryote-associated virusesen_ZA
dc.titleHigh-level diversity of tailed phages, eukaryote-associated viruses, and virophage-like elements in the metaviromes of antarctic soilsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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