Prenatal exposure to DDT and pyrethroids for malaria control and child neurodevelopment : the VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

dc.contributor.authorEskenazi, Brenda
dc.contributor.authorAn, Sookee
dc.contributor.authorRauch, Stephen A.
dc.contributor.authorCoker, Eric S.
dc.contributor.authorMaphula, Angelina
dc.contributor.authorObida, Muvhulawa
dc.contributor.authorCrause, Madelein
dc.contributor.authorKogut, Katherine R.
dc.contributor.authorBornman, Maria S. (Riana)
dc.contributor.authorChevrier, Jonathan
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-28T11:59:49Z
dc.date.available2018-06-28T11:59:49Z
dc.date.issued2018-04-06
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND : Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment.OBJECTIVES : We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS. METHODS: The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother-child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children's neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure. RESULTS : DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a -0.63 (95% CI: -1.14, -0.12), -0.48 (95% CI: -0.92, -0.05), and -0.58 (-1.11, -0.06) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [β=-1.74 (95% CI: -3.34, -0.13) and β=-0.40 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.04), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls. CONCLUSIONS : Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)en_ZA
dc.description.departmentUrologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2018en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, grant 1R01ES020360-01(B.E.) and the Canada Research Chairs program (J.C.).en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://ehp.niehs.nih.goven_ZA
dc.identifier.citationEskenazi, B., An, S., Rauch, S.A. et al. 2018, 'Prenatal exposure to DDT and pyrethroids for malaria control and child neurodevelopment : the VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 047004-1-11.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0091-6765 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1552-9924 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1289/EHP2129
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/65253
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.rights© The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_ZA
dc.subjectMalariaen_ZA
dc.subjectPrenatal exposureen_ZA
dc.subjectIndoor residual spraying (IRS)en_ZA
dc.subjectDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)en_ZA
dc.subjectPyrethroidsen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman exposureen_ZA
dc.subjectInsecticidesen_ZA
dc.subjectInsecticide exposureen_ZA
dc.subjectNeurodevelopmenten_ZA
dc.subjectInfantsen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman serumen_ZA
dc.subjectCognitive developmenten_ZA
dc.subjectPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)en_ZA
dc.subjectDichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)en_ZA
dc.titlePrenatal exposure to DDT and pyrethroids for malaria control and child neurodevelopment : the VHEMBE Cohort, South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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