Irregular migration to Europe : a case study of the Gambia and Senegal

Abstract

The smuggling of migrants from The Gambia and Senegal to Europe has become a pressing issue, reflecting broader patterns of irregular migration driven by economic, social, and political factors. This phenomenon involves complex networks that exploit vulnerable individuals seeking better opportunities abroad. Migrants often undertake perilous journeys through diverse routes, facing significant risks including violence, exploitation, and even death. The porous land borders between The Gambia and Senegal facilitate the movement of people, complicating efforts to combat smuggling. Despite international legal frameworks such as the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants, enforcement remains challenging due to limited resources, inadequate border management systems, and the lack of a robust monitoring mechanism to assess the implementation of the Protocol. Effective responses require comprehensive strategies that enhance border control, improve cooperation between states, and address the root causes of migration. Establishing mechanisms for monitoring implementation, fostering community engagement, and providing support for vulnerable migrants are essential steps. By addressing these challenges, both The Gambia and Senegal can better manage migration flows and protect the rights of individuals caught in smuggling networks while contributing to broader regional and international efforts to combat this issue.