Analysing the challenges of border securitisation in managing undocumented migration in South Africa

Abstract

Undocumented migration remains a persistent policy challenge in South Africa, despite the introduction of progressive immigration reforms since 1994. Existing measures have failed to stem the influx of undocumented migrants. These undocumented migrants are often a result of both domestic and regional dynamics. This study explores the underlying challenges of border securitisation as a tool for managing undocumented migration. Using a qualitative approach, it draws on semi-structured interviews with senior officials and subject-matter experts in migration and border governance. The study reveals numerous pressures undermining border control efforts. Domestically, porous borders, overstays, limited visa options, and bureaucratic inefficiencies were cited as key issues. Regionally, socio-economic instability, political unrest, and environmental stressors in neighbouring countries emerged as significant drivers of undocumented movement into South Africa. The study concludes by proposing a more integrated and nuanced approach for addressing undocumented migration, emphasising a multi-dimensional approach to policy and enforcement.