Anthelmintic resistance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep in Limpopo Province, South Africa

dc.contributor.authorMphahlele, Morutse
dc.contributor.authorTsotetsi-Khambule, Ana M.
dc.contributor.authorMoerane, Rebone
dc.contributor.authorKomape, Dennis M.
dc.contributor.authorThekisoe, Oriel M. M.
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-07T09:20:37Z
dc.date.available2022-04-07T09:20:37Z
dc.date.issued2021-02
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND AND AIM: Previous studies recorded the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Limpopo Province. However, the studies did not address the seasonal patterns of infection and did not cover all districts of Limpopo Province, namely; Capricorn, Sekhukhune, Waterberg, Mopani, and Vhembe. It is, therefore, important to provide up to date information on the prevalence and seasonal occurrence data of GIN in all districts of Limpopo province. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and document the prevalence of GIN infecting sheep in five districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty animals in each district were used for fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine AR against ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), levamisole (LEV) (5 mg/kg), and albendazole (7.5 mg/kg). Egg hatch test (EHT) was used to determine AR against thiabendazole (TBZ) and micro-agar larval development test (MALDT) was used for both TBZ and LEV. Naturally, infected sheep (n=780) were sampled for prevalence across five districts of Limpopo. FAMACHA© eye-color score estimations were also performed for each study animal. RESULTS: FECRT showed occurrence of AR in most of the districts and a few with suspected resistance. EHT results showed AR development against TBZ for all districts, while the MALDT showed no AR against LEV in all districts, but detected AR against TBZ in Sekhukhune, Capricorn, and Waterberg. Haemonchus contortus was the most resistant species. A high nematode prevalence (88-100%) and 1210-1861 eggs per gram (EPG) was observed in all districts during the hot wet season, decreasing to 75-80% (453-1202 EPG) during the cold dry season. The sheep revealed a FAMACHA© mean score of 3, indicating mild anemia during the hot wet season except for Vhembe district that revealed a FAMACHA© mean score of 4 during the hot wet season, indicating anemia. CONCLUSION: AR recorded in Limpopo Province may be due to under-dosing caused by lack of weighing equipment and high treatment frequencies due to lack of proper training on anthelmintic use. The detection of AR in Limpopo is an important finding because it will help in outlining effective management systems against GIN.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentProduction Animal Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianpm2022en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa and the University of Pretoria.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.veterinaryworld.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMphahlele, M., Tsotetsi-Khambule, A.M., Moerane, R., Komape, D.M. & Thekisoe, O.M.M. (2021) Anthelmintic resistance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep in Limpopo Province, South Africa, Veterinary World, 14(2): 302-313.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0972-8988 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2231-0916 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.14202/vetworld.2021.302-313
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/84819
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherVeterinary Worlden_ZA
dc.rights© Mphahlele, et al. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_ZA
dc.subjectAnthelmintic resistanceen_ZA
dc.subjectSeasonal prevalenceen_ZA
dc.subjectSheepen_ZA
dc.subjectGastrointestinal nematodes (GIN)en_ZA
dc.subjectFecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)en_ZA
dc.subjectEgg hatch test (EHT)en_ZA
dc.subjectThiabendazole (TBZ)en_ZA
dc.subjectMicro-agar larval development test (MALDT)en_ZA
dc.subjectFAMACHA©en_ZA
dc.subject.otherVeterinary science articles SDG-01en_ZA
dc.subject.otherVeterinary science articles SDG-02en_ZA
dc.subject.otherSDG-02: Zero hunger
dc.subject.otherSDG-01: No poverty
dc.titleAnthelmintic resistance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep in Limpopo Province, South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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