Investigating structural changes and surface modification in glassy carbon induced by xenon ion implantation and heat treatment

dc.contributor.authorIsmail, M.Y.A. (Mahjoub)
dc.contributor.authorAbdalla, Zaki Adam Yousif
dc.contributor.authorNjoroge, Eric Gitau
dc.contributor.authorOdutemowo, Opeyemi Shakirah
dc.contributor.authorMalherbe, Johan B.
dc.contributor.authorHlatshwayo, Thulani Thokozani
dc.contributor.authorWendler, E.
dc.contributor.authorAftab, J.
dc.contributor.authorYounis, H.
dc.contributor.emailmahjoub.ismail@tuks.co.zaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-19T06:17:38Z
dc.date.issued2022-07
dc.description.abstractIn order to ascertain the suitability of glassy carbon as a material for encapsulation of nuclear waste, glassy carbon was implanted with Xe and the structural changes and surface modification were investigated before and after annealing. This was performed using Raman spectroscopy analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Raman spectrum of the implanted sample showed that ion bombardment amorphised the glassy carbon structure. The HRTEM analysis of the virgin glassy carbon exhibited some features which are similar to those of fullerenes. One of the features is the appearance of closed onion-like nanoparticles and several graphitic fringes of varying sizes and orientations embedded in the glassy carbon structure. The presence of the onion-like features, as well as the graphitic fringes within the glassy carbon structure, suggest that glassy carbon is a disordered form of carbon. The HRTEM analysis of the as-implanted sample also shows some dark spots within the implanted region which are likely xenon bubbles. The SEM and AFM analysis showed that the grain size becomes larger and more prominent with increasing annealing temperature, leading to an increase in the surface roughness of glassy carbon.en_US
dc.description.departmentPhysicsen_US
dc.description.embargo2024-05-11
dc.description.librarianhj2022en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS).en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.elsevier.com/locate/nimben_US
dc.identifier.citationIsmail, M.Y.A., Abdalla, Z.A.Y., Njoroge, E.G. et al. 2022, 'Investigating structural changes and surface modification in glassy carbon induced by xenon ion implantation and heat treatment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 522, pp. 38-46, doi : 10.1016/j.nimb.2022.05.001.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0168-583X (print)
dc.identifier.issn1872-9584 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.nimb.2022.05.001
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/86877
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rights© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 522, pp. 38-46, 2022. doi : 10.1016/j.nimb.2022.05.001.en_US
dc.subjectRaman spectroscopy analysisen_US
dc.subjectHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)en_US
dc.subjectAtomic force microscopy (AFM)en_US
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopy (SEM)en_US
dc.subjectGlassy carbonen_US
dc.subjectIon implantationen_US
dc.subjectStructural changesen_US
dc.titleInvestigating structural changes and surface modification in glassy carbon induced by xenon ion implantation and heat treatmenten_US
dc.typePostprint Articleen_US

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