Analysing Zimbabwe’s legal position on traditional birthing practices as a tool to improve maternal health outcomes

Abstract

This dissertation explores the intersection of traditional birthing practices and formal healthcare in Zimbabwe, focusing on the role of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in maternal health. It analyzes Zimbabwe's legal position on these practices, assesses the regulation of TBAs, and evaluates whether, and if so, how, integrating traditional mechanisms into the formal healthcare system could improve maternal health outcomes. Traditional birthing practices remain prevalent, particularly in rural areas, due to cultural significance, economic constraints, and inadequate access to formal healthcare services. However, the lack of a clear regulatory framework for TBAs in Zimbabwe has created risks for maternal and infant health, such as unregulated and inconsistent practices.

This study also draws on international and regional human rights frameworks, including the right to health and reproductive rights to argue that the integration of TBAs could enhance maternal health outcomes if properly regulated. Comparisons with jurisdictions such as Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, and South Africa are used to illustrate how similar contexts have addressed the regulation of TBAs, revealing best practices and challenges. The research highlights the importance of legal recognition, training, certification, and ongoing monitoring of TBAs to ensure that they complement the formal healthcare system without compromising the quality of care.

The dissertation concludes with recommendations for Zimbabwe to formalize the role of TBAs within its healthcare framework by enacting clear regulations, implementing structured training programs, and improving healthcare infrastructure to bridge the gap between traditional and formal maternal healthcare as a way to improve maternal health outcomes in Zimbabwe. Ultimately, this study underscores the need for a balanced approach that respects cultural practices while safeguarding the health and well-being of mothers and infants.