Toward a natural classification of Botryosphaeriaceae : a study of the type specimens of Botryosphaeria sensu lato
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Date
Authors
Zhang, Ying
Zhou, Yupei
Sun, Wei
Zhao, Lili
Pavlic-Zupanc, Draginja
Crous, Pedro W.
Slippers, Bernard
Dai, Yucheng
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Abstract
The genus Botryosphaeria includes more than 200 epithets, but only the type
species, Botryosphaeria dothidea and a dozen or more other species have been
identified based on DNA sequence data. The taxonomic status of the other species
remains unconfirmed because they lack either morphological information or DNA
sequence data. In this study, types or authentic specimens of 16 “Botryosphaeria”
species are reassessed to clarify their identity and phylogenetic position. nuDNA
sequences of four regions, ITS, LSU, tef1-a and tub2, are analyzed and considered
in combination with morphological characteristics. Based on the multigene phylogeny
and morphological characters, Botryosphaeria cruenta and Botryosphaeria hamamelidis
are transferred to Neofusicoccum. The generic status of Botryosphaeria aterrima and
Botryosphaeria mirabile is confirmed in Botryosphaeria. Botryosphaeria berengeriana
var. weigeliae and B. berengeriana var. acerina are treated synonyms of B. dothidea.
Botryosphaeria mucosa is transferred to Neodeightonia as Neodeightonia mucosa, and
Botryosphaeria ferruginea to Nothophoma as Nothophoma ferruginea. Botryosphaeria
foliicola is reduced to synonymy with Phyllachorella micheliae. Botryosphaeria abuensis,
Botryosphaeria aesculi, Botryosphaeria dasylirii, and Botryosphaeria wisteriae are
tentatively kept in Botryosphaeria sensu stricto until further phylogenetic analysis is
carried out on verified specimens. The ordinal status of Botryosphaeria apocyni,
Botryosphaeria gaubae, and Botryosphaeria smilacinina cannot be determined, and
tentatively accommodate these species in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. The
study demonstrates the significance of a polyphasic approach in characterizing type
specimens, including the importance of using of DNA sequence data.
Description
Supplementary Figure 1 | Botryosphaeria gaubae (W 1992-05937,
holotype). (A,B) Ascomata erumpent through the lower side of the leaf. (C)
Squash showing cylindrical or broadly cylindrical asci in cotton blue. (D) Part of
the peridium. (E) Septate pseudoparaphyses in cotton blue. (F-H) Aseptate,
fusiform to ellipsoid ascospores in cotton blue. Scale bars: (A) = 1 mm,
(B) = 200 mm, (C) = 50 mm, (E) = 20 mm, (D,F-H) = 10 m m.
Supplementary Figure 2 | Laestadia apocyni (MICH 14281, isotype). (A) Ascomata erumpent through a piece of twig epidermis. (B) Released, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores. (C) Ascus in water. (D) Line drawing of ascus in water. Scale bars: (A) = 200 mm, (B-D) = 20 m m.
Supplementary Figure 3 | Sphaeria smilacinina (NYS f2818, holotype). (A) Ascomata erumpent through the twig epidermis. (B,C) Immature asci. (D) Released ascospores. (E) Line drawing of broadly clavate ascus. Scale bars: (A) = 500 mm, (B-D) = 20 mm, (E) = 40 m m.
Supplementary Figure 4 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from combined ITS, LSU, tub2, and tef1-a sequence data of Botryosphaeria spp. Outgroup taxa are Neofusicoccum luteum and Neofusicoccum parvum. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 5 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained based on combined ITS, tef1-a, and tub2 sequence data of Neofusicoccum spp. Outgroup taxon are Botryosphaeria dothidea and B. corticis. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP/PP, values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 6 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from LSU sequence dataset of Neofusicoccum spp. Outgroup taxa are Botryosphaeria corticis and B. dothidea. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 7 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from ITS and LSU sequence dataset of Nothophoma spp. Outgroup taxa is Didymella calidophila. Maximum likelihood (ML) support values above 50%, Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 50%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 95% are shown with ML and MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP/ML) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Table 1 | Species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in this study (newly generated sequences are indicated in bold).
Supplementary Figure 2 | Laestadia apocyni (MICH 14281, isotype). (A) Ascomata erumpent through a piece of twig epidermis. (B) Released, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores. (C) Ascus in water. (D) Line drawing of ascus in water. Scale bars: (A) = 200 mm, (B-D) = 20 m m.
Supplementary Figure 3 | Sphaeria smilacinina (NYS f2818, holotype). (A) Ascomata erumpent through the twig epidermis. (B,C) Immature asci. (D) Released ascospores. (E) Line drawing of broadly clavate ascus. Scale bars: (A) = 500 mm, (B-D) = 20 mm, (E) = 40 m m.
Supplementary Figure 4 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from combined ITS, LSU, tub2, and tef1-a sequence data of Botryosphaeria spp. Outgroup taxa are Neofusicoccum luteum and Neofusicoccum parvum. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 5 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained based on combined ITS, tef1-a, and tub2 sequence data of Neofusicoccum spp. Outgroup taxon are Botryosphaeria dothidea and B. corticis. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP/PP, values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 6 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from LSU sequence dataset of Neofusicoccum spp. Outgroup taxa are Botryosphaeria corticis and B. dothidea. Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 80% are shown with MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Figure 7 | One of the most parsimonious trees obtained from ITS and LSU sequence dataset of Nothophoma spp. Outgroup taxa is Didymella calidophila. Maximum likelihood (ML) support values above 50%, Maximum parsimony (MP) support values above 50%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support above 95% are shown with ML and MP bootstrap followed by Bayesian PP (MP/PP/ML) values at the nodes. The species characterized in this study are in boldface.
Supplementary Table 1 | Species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in this study (newly generated sequences are indicated in bold).
Keywords
Botryosphaeriales, Phylogeny, Sexual stage, Taxonomy, Type specimens
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y.P., Sun, W., Zhao, L.L., Pavlic-Zupanc, D., Crous, P.W., Slippers, B. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Toward
a Natural Classification
of Botryosphaeriaceae: A Study of the
Type Specimens of Botryosphaeria
sensu lato.
Frontiers in Microbiology 12:737541.
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737541