A low-cost, mobile real-time kinematic geolocation service for engineering and research applications

dc.contributor.authorBroekman, Andre
dc.contributor.authorGrabe, Petrus Johannes
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-10T12:31:53Z
dc.date.available2022-03-10T12:31:53Z
dc.date.issued2021-10
dc.description.abstractCentimetre accurate geolocation service is beneficial to a wide range of applications, ranging from sports engineering, civil infrastructure, autonomous vehicles, surveying to digitisation of historically significant structures. Previously, these features were confined to prohibitively expensive commercial hardware, requiring technical knowledge and experience to operate. Continued technological advancements have seen the miniaturisation of electronics and antennas, coupled with an increase in the number and performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) by various nations and organisations, providing global signal coverage. This paper demonstrates a low-cost, mobile, real-time kinematic (RTK) geolocation service for engineering and research applications, fabricated from components readily available from commercial suppliers. This solution, consisting of a mobile RTK base station and RTK rover, provides centimetre-accuracy performance up to a distance of 15 km away from the base station. Correction data is transmitted over the internet using free and open software solutions. The small footprint of both the RTK base station and RTK rover, provides versatile applications even in remote locations. The performance of the geolocation service is validated using field experiments, comparing measurements against state-of-the-art photogrammetry, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and digital level measurement technologies. The authors encourage the adoption of the RTK geolocation solution based on the calibrated results.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentCivil Engineeringen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2022en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship4Tel Pty is gratefully acknowledged for sponsoring the Chair in Railway Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Pretoria.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/ohxen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationBroekman, A. & Grabe, P.J. 2021, 'A low-cost, mobile real-time kinematic geolocation service for engineering and research applications', HardwareX, vol. 10, art. e00203, pp. 1-30.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2468-0672 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.17605/OSF.IO/QH3V7
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/84431
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherElsevieren_ZA
dc.rights© 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.en_ZA
dc.subjectRTK2goen_ZA
dc.subjectRTK-ASMen_ZA
dc.subjectUAVen_ZA
dc.subjectU-bloxen_ZA
dc.subjectGeolocationen_ZA
dc.subjectSurveyingen_ZA
dc.subjectPoint clouden_ZA
dc.subjectPhotogrammetryen_ZA
dc.subjectReal-time kinematic (RTK)en_ZA
dc.subjectGlobal navigation satellite systems (GNSS)en_ZA
dc.subjectGlobal positioning system (GPS)en_ZA
dc.subjectNetworked transport of RTCM via Internet protocol (NTRIP)en_ZA
dc.subjectRadio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM)en_ZA
dc.subjectPrecise point positioning (PPP)en_ZA
dc.subjectAntenna surface mapping (ASM)en_ZA
dc.subjectLight detection and ranging (LiDAR)en_ZA
dc.titleA low-cost, mobile real-time kinematic geolocation service for engineering and research applicationsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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