Bony pits in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) bill tip

dc.contributor.authorCrole, Martina Rachel
dc.contributor.authorSoley, John Thomson
dc.contributor.emailmartina.crole@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-19T08:49:57Z
dc.date.issued2017-09
dc.description.abstractA specialized region of the bill tip characterized by a complex arrangement of mechanoreceptors and referred to as a bill tip organ, has been identified in numerous avians. A bill tip organ was initially inferred in kiwi species by the presence of numerous, bony pits in the rostrum of the bill, and later confirmed histologically. This study enumerates and compares the number and distribution of pits present in the bill tip in the ostrich and emu. The heads from 10 ostrich and 5 emu were prepared for osteological examination. The pattern and total number of pits was similar between the two species. However, the ostrich had significantly more pits in the regions underlying the Culmen and Gonys, whereas the emu displayed significantly more pits in the dorsal part of the mandibular rostrum. The relatively even distribution of pits in the inner and outer surfaces of both the mandibular and maxillary rostra suggest that the bill tip of the ostrich and emu are equally sensitive externally and intra‐orally, as opposed to probing birds, where the major concentration of pits is located on the outer surfaces of the bill tips. The presence of pits in the bill tips of extant paleaognaths may be of relevance in interpreting the pits in the rostra of extinct therapod dinosaurs. The presence of bony pits in a region which is also well supplied with sensory nerves is highly suggestive of a bill tip organ in the ostrich and emu and which needs to be confirmed histologically.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentAnatomy and Physiologyen_ZA
dc.description.embargo2018-09-14
dc.description.librarianhj2018en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe University of Pretoriaen_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1932-8494en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationCrole, M.R. & Soley, J.T. 2017, 'Bony pits in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) bill tip', Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, vol. 300, no. 9, pp. 1705-1715.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1932-8486 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1932-8494 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1002/ar.23594
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/64306
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherWileyen_ZA
dc.rights© 2017 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : 'Bony pits in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) bill tip', Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, vol. 300, no. 9, pp. 1705-1715, 2017, doi : 10.1002/ar.23594. The definite version is available at : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.comjournal/10.1002/(ISSN)1932-8494.en_ZA
dc.subjectPremaxillaen_ZA
dc.subjectRostrumen_ZA
dc.subjectPitsen_ZA
dc.subjectBill tipen_ZA
dc.subjectRatiteen_ZA
dc.subjectEmu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)en_ZA
dc.subjectOstrich (Struthio camelus)en_ZA
dc.titleBony pits in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) bill tipen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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