Non-specific effects of maternal and offspring rabies vaccination on mortality and antibiotic use in a Danish pig herd : a randomized trial

dc.contributor.authorJensen, Kristoffer Jarlov
dc.contributor.authorTolstrup, Lola Kathe
dc.contributor.authorKnobel, Darryn Leslie
dc.contributor.authorAaby, Peter
dc.contributor.authorJungersen, Gregers
dc.contributor.authorLarsen, Lars Erik
dc.contributor.authorKristensen, Charlotte Sonne
dc.contributor.authorBenn, Christine Stabell
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-01T08:16:43Z
dc.date.available2023-09-01T08:16:43Z
dc.date.issued2022-03
dc.descriptionDATA STATEMENT: Data is available upon request to the corresponding author.en_US
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION : Human non-live vaccines have been associated with detrimental non-specific effects (NSE), particularly in females. A large trial found 2-fold increased overall mortality in girls receiving a new malaria vaccine compared to the rabies vaccine used as a control; a beneficial NSE of the rabies vaccine was proposed. Conversely, in dogs increased mortality was seen in females but not males following rabies vaccination of puppies born to immunized mothers. We investigated NSE of non-live rabies vaccine in piglets and the potential modifying effect of maternal priming with rabies vaccine. METHODS : In a Danish herd of commercial rabies virus-free pigs, 575 pregnant sows (2–3 weeks before scheduled farrowing) and 5747 of their offspring (median 6-day-old) were allocated (1:1) to non-live rabies vaccine (Versiguard rabies vet) or no rabies vaccine. Outcomes were overall mortality and antibiotic treatment until departure from the nursery (approximately age 12 weeks/30 kgs). RESULTS : Until weaning, overall offspring mortality was 2.2% (127 piglets died, rabies vaccine: n = 69; control: n = 58), the proportion ratio (PR) being 1.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.68). Until end of follow-up, mortality was 4.1% (233, rabies vaccine: n = 115; control = 118, PR: 0.97 (0.76–1.25)). Prior sow rabies vaccination did not affect piglet mortality. For mortality as well as risk of antibiotic treatment before weaning, there was indication of a beneficial effect of rabies vaccine in female piglets, but a negative effect in (castrated) male piglets from rabies-naïve sows. Prior sow vaccination significantly modified the vaccine effect estimate in female piglets toward a detrimental effect of rabies vaccine on treatment risk. These effects had waned by 12 weeks of age. CONCLUSION : The study did not support the hypothesized beneficial NSE of rabies vaccine. Although under-powered for subgroup analyses, the study indicated effect modification by sex and maternal vaccination. Results could be different in a herd with higher mortality and infectious burden.en_US
dc.description.departmentVeterinary Tropical Diseasesen_US
dc.description.librarianhj2023en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNovo Nordisk Foundation and Pig Levy Fund.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccineen_US
dc.identifier.citationJensen, K.J., Tolstrup, L.K., Knobel, D.L. et al. 2022, 'Non-specific effects of maternal and offspring rabies vaccination on mortality and antibiotic use in a Danish pig herd: a randomized trial, Vaccine, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1665-1673, doi : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.083.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0264-410X (print)
dc.identifier.issn1873-2518 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.083
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/92135
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rights© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Vaccine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Vaccine, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1665-1673, doi : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.083.en_US
dc.subjectNon-specific effects (NSEs)en_US
dc.subjectHeterologous immunityen_US
dc.subjectVaccinesen_US
dc.subjectPigsen_US
dc.subjectRabies vaccineen_US
dc.subjectSDG-03: Good health and well-beingen_US
dc.titleNon-specific effects of maternal and offspring rabies vaccination on mortality and antibiotic use in a Danish pig herd : a randomized trialen_US
dc.typePostprint Articleen_US

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