Influenza viral shedding in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected children and adults in 2 provinces of South Africa, 2012-2014

dc.contributor.authorVon Mollendorf, Claire
dc.contributor.authorHellferscee, Orienka
dc.contributor.authorValley-Omar, Ziyaad
dc.contributor.authorTreurnicht, Florette K.
dc.contributor.authorWalaza, Sibongile
dc.contributor.authorMartinson, Neil A.
dc.contributor.authorLebina, Limakatso
dc.contributor.authorMothlaoleng, Katlego
dc.contributor.authorMahlase, Gethwana
dc.contributor.authorVariava, Ebrahim
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Adam L.
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Marietjie
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Cheryl
dc.contributor.authorTembo, Stefano
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-09T11:25:50Z
dc.date.issued2018-10
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND : Prolonged shedding of influenza viruses may be associated with increased transmissibility and resistance mutation acquisition due to therapy. We compared duration and magnitude of influenza shedding between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected individuals. METHODS : A prospective cohort study during 3 influenza seasons enrolled patients with influenza-like illness and a positive influenza rapid test. Influenza viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Weibull accelerated failure time regression models were used to describe influenza virus shedding. Mann-Whitney U tests explored initial influenza viral loads (VL). RESULTS : Influenza virus shedding duration was similar in 65 HIV-infected (6 days; interquartile range [IQR] 3–10) and 176 HIV-uninfected individuals (7 days; IQR 4–11; P = .97), as was initial influenza VL (HIV-uninfected 5.28 ± 1.33 log10 copies/mL, HIV-infected 4.73 ± 1.68 log10 copies/mL; P = .08). Adjusted for age, HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 counts shed influenza virus for longer than those with higher counts (adjusted hazard ratio 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–12.08). DISCUSSION : A longer duration of influenza virus shedding in HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 counts may suggest a possible increased risk for transmission or viral evolution in severely immunocompromised individuals. HIV-infected individuals should be prioritized for annual influenza immunization.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentMedical Virologyen_ZA
dc.description.embargo2019-10-15
dc.description.librarianhj2018en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cooperative agreement no. 5U51IP000155).en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://jid.oxfordjournals.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationVon Mollendorf, C., Hellferscee, O., Valley-Omar, Z. et al. 2018, 'Influenza viral shedding in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected children and adults in 2 provinces of South Africa, 2012-2014', Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 218, no. 8, pp. 1228-1237.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0022-1899 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1537-6613 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1093/infdis/jiy310
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/66828
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen_ZA
dc.rights© The Author 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Infectious Diseases following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is : Influenza viral shedding in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected children and adults in 2 provinces of South Africa, 2012-2014, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 218, no. 8, pp. 1228-1237, 2018. doi : 10.1093/infdis/jiy310, is available online at : http://jid.oxfordjournals.org.en_ZA
dc.subjectInfluenzaen_ZA
dc.subjectSheddingen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)en_ZA
dc.subjectSouth Africa (SA)en_ZA
dc.subjectHIV infectionsen_ZA
dc.subjectPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)en_ZA
dc.subjectCD4 count determination procedureen_ZA
dc.subjectAdultsen_ZA
dc.subjectChildrenen_ZA
dc.subjectImmunocompromised hosten_ZA
dc.subjectOrthomyxoviridaeen_ZA
dc.titleInfluenza viral shedding in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected children and adults in 2 provinces of South Africa, 2012-2014en_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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