Training during the COVID-19 lockdown : knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents

dc.contributor.authorWashif, Jad Adrian
dc.contributor.authorFarooq, Abdulaziz
dc.contributor.authorKrug, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorPyne, David B.
dc.contributor.authorVerhagen, Evert
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Lee
dc.contributor.authorWong, Del P.
dc.contributor.authorMujika, Inigo
dc.contributor.authorCortis, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorHaddad, Monoem
dc.contributor.authorAhmadian, Omid
dc.contributor.authorAl Jufaili, Mahmood
dc.contributor.authorAl‑Horani, Ramzi A.
dc.contributor.authorAl‑Mohannadi, Abdulla Saeed
dc.contributor.authorAloui, Asma
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Achraf
dc.contributor.authorArifi, Fitim
dc.contributor.authorAziz, Abdul Rashid
dc.contributor.authorBatuev, Mikhail
dc.contributor.authorBeaven, Christopher Martyn
dc.contributor.authorBeneke, Ralph
dc.contributor.authorBici, Arben
dc.contributor.authorBishnoi, Pallawi
dc.contributor.authorBogwasi, Lone
dc.contributor.authorBok, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBoukhris, Omar
dc.contributor.authorBoullosa, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBragazzi, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Joao
dc.contributor.authorCartagena, Roxana Paola Palacios
dc.contributor.authorChaouachi, Anis
dc.contributor.authorCheung, Stephen S.
dc.contributor.authorChtourou, Hamdi
dc.contributor.authorCosma, Germina
dc.contributor.authorDebevec, Tadej
dc.contributor.authorDeLang, Matthew D.
dc.contributor.authorDellal, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorDonmez, Gurhan
dc.contributor.authorDriss, Tarak
dc.contributor.authorPena Duque, Juan David
dc.contributor.authorEirale, Cristiano
dc.contributor.authorElloumi, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Carl
dc.contributor.authorFranchini, Emerson
dc.contributor.authorFusco, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorGaly, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGastin, Paul B.
dc.contributor.authorGill, Nicholas
dc.contributor.authorGirard, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGregov, Cvita
dc.contributor.authorHalson, Shona
dc.contributor.authorHammouda, Omar
dc.contributor.authorHanzlíkova, Ivana
dc.contributor.authorHassanmirzaei, Bahar
dc.contributor.authorHaugen, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorHebert‑Losier, Kim
dc.contributor.authorHelu, Hussein Munoz
dc.contributor.authorHerrera‑Valenzuela, Tomas
dc.contributor.authorHettinga, Florentina J.
dc.contributor.authorHoltzhausen, Louis
dc.contributor.authorHue, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorIacono, Antonio Dello
dc.contributor.authorIhalainen, Johanna K.
dc.contributor.authorJames, Carl
dc.contributor.authorJanse van Rensburg, Dina Christina
dc.contributor.authorJoseph, Saju
dc.contributor.authorKamoun, Karim
dc.contributor.authorKhaled, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorKhalladi, Karim
dc.contributor.authorKim, Kwang Joon
dc.contributor.authorKok, Lian‑Yee
dc.contributor.authorMacMillan, Lewis
dc.contributor.authorMataruna‑Dos‑Santos, Leonardo Jose
dc.contributor.authorMatsunaga, Ryo
dc.contributor.authorMemishi, Shpresa
dc.contributor.authorMillet85, Gregoire P.
dc.contributor.authorMoussa‑Chamari, Imen
dc.contributor.authorMusa, Danladi Ibrahim
dc.contributor.authorThuan Nguyen, Hoang Minh
dc.contributor.authorNikolaidis, Pantelis T.
dc.contributor.authorOwen, Adam
dc.contributor.authorPadulo, Johnny
dc.contributor.authorPagaduan, Jeffrey Cayaban
dc.contributor.authorPerera, Nirmala Panagodage
dc.contributor.authorPerez‑Gomez, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorPillay, Lervasen
dc.contributor.authorPopa, Arporn
dc.contributor.authorPudasaini, Avishkar
dc.contributor.authorRabbani, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorRahayu, Tandiyo
dc.contributor.authorRomdhani, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorSalamh, Paul
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, Abu‑Sufian
dc.contributor.authorSchillinger, Andy
dc.contributor.authorSeiler, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorSetyawati, Heny
dc.contributor.authorShrestha, Navina
dc.contributor.authorSuraya, Fatona
dc.contributor.authorTabben, Montassar
dc.contributor.authorTrabelsi, Khaled
dc.contributor.authorUrhausen, Axel
dc.contributor.authorValtonen, Maarit
dc.contributor.authorWeber, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorWhiteley, Rodney
dc.contributor.authorZrane, Adel
dc.contributor.authorZerguini, Yacine
dc.contributor.authorZmijewski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorSandbakk, Øyvind
dc.contributor.authorSaad, Helmi Ben
dc.contributor.authorChamari, Karim
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-27T09:20:42Z
dc.date.available2023-02-27T09:20:42Z
dc.date.issued2022-04
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). RESULTS Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).en_US
dc.description.departmentSports Medicineen_US
dc.description.librarianam2023en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipA specific funding was provided by the National Sports Institute of Malaysia for this study.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Sports Institute of Malaysia.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.springer.com/journal/40279en_US
dc.identifier.citationWashif, J.A., Farooq, A., Krug, I. et al. 2022, 'Training during the COVID-19 lockdown : knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents', Sports Medicine 52, 933–948 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0112-1642 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1179-2035 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/89841
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.subjectLockdownen_US
dc.subjectTrainingen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19 pandemicen_US
dc.subjectCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)en_US
dc.subjectSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)en_US
dc.subjectKnowledgeen_US
dc.subjectAthletesen_US
dc.subjectBeliefsen_US
dc.subjectPracticesen_US
dc.titleTraining during the COVID-19 lockdown : knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continentsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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