Development of conjugated secondary antibodies for wildlife disease surveillance

dc.contributor.authorOchai, Sunday Ochonu
dc.contributor.authorCrafford, Jan Ernst
dc.contributor.authorKamath, Pauline L.
dc.contributor.authorTurner, Wendy C.
dc.contributor.authorVan Heerden, Henriette
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-18T04:22:08Z
dc.date.available2024-06-18T04:22:08Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-11
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.en_US
dc.description.abstractDisease monitoring in free-ranging wildlife is a challenge and often relies on passive surveillance. Alternatively, proactive surveillance that relies on the detection of specific antibodies could give more reliable and timely insight into disease presence and prevalence in a population, especially if the evidence of disease occurs below detection thresholds for passive surveillance. Primary binding assays, like the indirect ELISA for antibody detection in wildlife, are hampered by a lack of species-specific conjugates. In this study, we developed anti-kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and anti-impala (Aepyceros melampus) immunoglobulin-specific conjugates in chickens and compared them to the binding of commercially available protein-G and protein-AG conjugates, using an ELISA-based avidity index. The conjugates were evaluated for cross-reaction with sera from other wild herbivores to assess future use in ELISAs. The developed conjugates had a high avidity of >70% against kudu and impala sera. The commercial conjugates (protein-G and protein-AG) had significantly low relative avidity (<20%) against these species. Eighteen other wildlife species demonstrated cross-reactivity with a mean relative avidity of >50% with the impala and kudu conjugates and <40% with the commercial conjugates. These results demonstrate that species-specific conjugates are important tools for the development and validation of immunoassays in wildlife and for the surveillance of zoonotic agents along the livestock-wildlife-human interface.en_US
dc.description.departmentVeterinary Tropical Diseasesen_US
dc.description.librarianam2024en_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-beingen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNSF Grant.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://www.frontiersin.org/Immunologyen_US
dc.identifier.citationOchai, S.O., Crafford, J.E., Kamath, P.L., Turner, W.C. & Van Heerden, H. (2023) Development of conjugated secondary antibodies for wildlife disease surveillance. Frontiers in Immunology 14:1221071. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221071en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-3224 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221071
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/96501
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.rights© 2023 Ochai, Crafford, Kamath, Turner and van Heerden. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).en_US
dc.subjectWildlife speciesen_US
dc.subjectAdaptive immunityen_US
dc.subjectAvidityen_US
dc.subjectConjugatesen_US
dc.subjectDiagnosticsen_US
dc.subjectEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)en_US
dc.subjectPassive disease surveillanceen_US
dc.subjectSDG-03: Good health and well-beingen_US
dc.titleDevelopment of conjugated secondary antibodies for wildlife disease surveillanceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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