Long-term follow-up of owned, free-roaming dogs in South Africa naturally exposed to Babesia rossi

dc.contributor.authorMorters, Michelle K.
dc.contributor.authorArcher, J.
dc.contributor.authorMa, D.
dc.contributor.authorMatthee, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGoddard, Amelia
dc.contributor.authorLeisewitz, Andrew L.
dc.contributor.authorMatjila, Paul Tshepo
dc.contributor.authorWood, James L.N.
dc.contributor.authorSchoeman, Johan P.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-09T09:02:10Z
dc.date.available2020-09-09T09:02:10Z
dc.date.issued2020-02
dc.descriptionSupplementary Fig. S1. An example of the fluorescence of the negative control dog serum tested by IFAT at a dilution of 1:40.en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Fig. S2. An example of the fluorescence of the positive control dog serum tested by IFAT at a dilution of 1:80.en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Methods S1.en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Methods S2.en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Methods S3.en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Table S1. Definitions for infection, disease and chronic carrier (extracted from Rothman et al., 2008, p551 Table 27.1)en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Table S2. Laboratory and clinical findings for the negative and positive control dogs for the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Tests (IFATs)en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Table S3. Laboratory, demographic and clinical data for the 37 dogs confirmed positive for exposure to Babesia rossi by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT, at 1:80 dilution) in February and March 2010en_ZA
dc.descriptionSupplementary Table S4. Laboratory, demographic and clinical data for the 18 dogs positive for Babesia spp. on blood smear examination in July 2009, February 2010, August 2010 and/or February 2011en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBabesia rossi is an important, tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite; however, its natural history and epidemiology is poorly understood. Babesia rossi is the most virulent Babesia sp. in domestic dogs and is generally considered to cause severe babesiosis, which is fatal if left untreated. However, subclinical infections and mild disease from B. rossi have been reported, although the clinical progression of these cases was not reported. Therefore, to better understand B. rossi under field conditions, we evaluated its clinical progression and seroprevalence in an owned, free-roaming dog population in Zenzele, South Africa, where the parasite is endemic and prevention is not routine. The entire dog population in Zenzele was monitored intensively at the individual level from March 2008 until April 2014, primarily for a longitudinal study on rabies control. Subsequent evaluation of B. rossi comprised analyses of clinical and laboratory data collected from the Zenzele dog population during the 6 year study period. A substantial proportion (31% (n = 34)) of 109 dogs (randomly selected from every available dog in February/March 2010 older than ~6–8 weeks (n = 246)) tested by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test had seroconverted strongly to B. rossi. All 34 dogs were generally consistently healthy adults, determined from regular clinical examinations between March 2008 and April 2014. Blood smear examinations at multiple time points between July 2009 and February 2011 were also undertaken for almost all of these (34) seropositive dogs and all those tested were consistently negative for Babesia spp. Subclinical infections and mild disease were also the main findings for a separate group of 18 dogs positive for Babesia spp. on blood smear examination and confirmed to be infected with B. rossi by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Reverse Line Blot. Almost all of these dogs were positive at only one time point from repeat blood smear examinations between July 2009 and February 2011. We suggest that these observations are consistent with immunity acquired from repeated, low-level exposure to the parasite, generating transient subclinical infections or mild disease. Should this be the case, the use of tick control, particularly in adult dogs in free-roaming populations in B. rossi endemic regions, should be carefully considered.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentCompanion Animal Clinical Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.departmentVeterinary Tropical Diseasesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianhj2020en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), USA, and World Animal Protection (WAP), UK.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijparaen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMorters, M.K., Archer, J., Ma, D. et al. 2020, 'Long-term follow-up of owned, free-roaming dogs in South Africa naturally exposed to Babesia rossi', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 103-110.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0020-7519 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1879-0135 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.006
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/76118
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherElsevieren_ZA
dc.rights© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).en_ZA
dc.subjectBabesia rossien_ZA
dc.subjectSouth Africa (SA)en_ZA
dc.subjectAcquired immunityen_ZA
dc.subjectPlasmodiumen_ZA
dc.subjectMalariaen_ZA
dc.subjectDogs (Canis familiaris)en_ZA
dc.titleLong-term follow-up of owned, free-roaming dogs in South Africa naturally exposed to Babesia rossien_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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