High levels of DDT in breast milk : intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of gender
| dc.contributor.author | Bouwman, Hindrik | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kylin, Henrik | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sereda, Barbara | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bornman, Maria S. (Riana) | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2012-11-20T14:19:32Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2012-11-20T14:19:32Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012-11 | |
| dc.description.abstract | We investigated presence and levels of DDT in 163 breast milk samples from four South African villages where, in three of them, malaria is controlled with DDT-sprayed indoors. Mean SDDT levels in breast milk were 18, 11, and 9.5 mg/kg mf (milk fat) from the three DDT-sprayed villages, respectively, including the highest SDDT level ever reported for breast milk from South Africa (140 mg/kg mf). Understanding the causes for these differences would be informative for exposure reduction intervention. The Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) for DDT by infants, and the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) were significantly exceeded. DDT had no effect on duration of lactation. There were indications (not significant) from DDT-sprayed villages that first-born female infants drink milk with more SDDT than firstborn male infants, and vice versa for multipara male and female infants, suggesting gender involvement on levels of DDT in breast milk e requiring further investigation. | en_US |
| dc.description.librarian | ay2013 | en |
| dc.description.sponsorship | The Swedish/South African bilateral research agreement, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, and the Swedish Research Council. | en_US |
| dc.description.uri | http://www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | Hindrik Bouwman, Henrik Kylin, Barbara Sereda & Bornman Riana, 'High levels of DDT in breast milk : Intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of gender', Environmental Pollution, vol. 170, pp. 63-70 (2012), doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0269-7491 (print) | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1873-6424 (online) | |
| dc.identifier.other | 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/20458 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
| dc.rights | © 2012 Elsevier. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Environmental Pollution. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Environmental Pollution, vol 170,October 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009. | en_US |
| dc.subject | Breast milk | en_US |
| dc.subject | South Africa | en_US |
| dc.subject | Malaria control | en_US |
| dc.subject | Indoor residual spray | en_US |
| dc.subject | Maximum residue limit | en_US |
| dc.subject | Provisional tolerable daily intake | en_US |
| dc.subject.lcsh | Breast milk -- Contamination -- South Africa | en |
| dc.subject.lcsh | DDT (Insecticide) -- Physiological effect -- South Africa | en |
| dc.subject.lcsh | Malaria -- Prevention | en |
| dc.title | High levels of DDT in breast milk : intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of gender | en_US |
| dc.type | Postprint Article | en_US |