Epidemiology and time-loss shoulder injuries in professional South African rugby players : a prospective study that focuses on real-time collision data during a tackle

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Authors

Louwrens, Jan Gerhardus
Jansen van Rensburg, Audrey
Viljoen, Carel Thomas
Hendricks, Sharief
Botha, Tanita
Janse van Rensburg, Dina Christina

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

MDPI

Abstract

BACKGROUND : In rugby, the shoulder contributes to attack/defence during collisions, tackling, falling, scrummaging, and mauling. We investigated the frequency, tissue, and pathology type of shoulder injuries per player position among professional South African rugby players, and compared injury severity in the context of momentum, intensity, and collision variables. METHODS : A prospective study collecting shoulder injury data of 80 male Super Rugby players (>18 years) over 4 seasons (2018–2021). Players wore a Catapult Evo GPS unit during training and match-play, recording performance variables and collision forces during injury. We collected tissue and pathology types of injury from players’ medical files, clinical examinations, and special investigations. RESULTS : Shoulder injuries contributed to 17% of all injuries, ranging from 2 to 34% per year. Forwards (63%) sustained most shoulder injuries, specifically locks (30%). Acromioclavicular (AC) joint (47%) was mostly involved, and ligament/joint capsule (65%) was the most common tissue type injured. Injuries with the highest average momentum resulted in players suffering minimal to mild severity injuries (1–7 days time-loss). Backs (631.15 kgm/s) required less momentum than forwards (816.00 kgm/s) to suffer injuries resulting in >28 days time-loss (p = 0.008). Backs encountered higher match intensity (67.76 m/min, p = 0.031) and highest average collisions (0.28/min) without suffering more severe (>28 days time-loss) injuries. Match intensity of >60 m/min resulted in more than 55% of shoulder injuries. CONCLUSION : One in six injuries in this cohort was shoulder-related. Forwards, specifically locks, sustained most shoulder injuries. The AC joint was the tissue type that mainly contributed. Backline players were involved in higher velocity contact, game intensity, and collision frequency but suffered fewer injuries. However, they required less momentum to sustain more severe injuries.

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DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data sharing not applicable. No new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Keywords

Shoulder injuries, Rugby, Contact, GPS, Severity, SDG-03: Good health and well-being

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being

Citation

Louwrens, J.G.; Jansen van Rensburg, A.; Viljoen, C.T.; Hendricks, S.; Botha, T.; Janse van Rensburg, D.C. Epidemiology and Time-Loss Shoulder Injuries in Professional South African Rugby Players: A Prospective Study That Focuses on Real-Time Collision Data during a Tackle. Applied Science 2023, 13, 10944. https://DOI.org/10.3390/app131910944.