Amaranthus species

dc.contributor.authorBotha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Elna
dc.contributor.emailchristo.botha@up.ac.zaen
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology
dc.coverage.spatialAfricaen
dc.coverage.spatialSouth Africaen
dc.dateDISTRIBUTION: Annual weeds, widespread, to be found on disturbed soils. Botanical description: There are about 150 species of Amaranthus to be found in South Africa, of which 9 are weeds. Only A. thunbergii is indigenous. Usually they all turn red when fully grown. Toxic principle: Nitrate / Nitrite.en
dc.date.accessioned2008-12-22T08:45:58Z
dc.date.available2008-12-22T08:45:58Z
dc.date.issued2002
dc.descriptionColour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG. Photo 1: 31.8 kb, 96 ppi; Photo 2: 35.6 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 3: 21.3 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 4: 9.2 kb, 72 ppi. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria.en
dc.description.abstractMECHANISM OF ACTION: In the rumen nitrate is reduced to nitrite and following absorption haemoglobin is oxidised to methaemoglobin.en
dc.description.abstractTOXICITY: • Great variations both inter- and intraspecies • Nitrate - c. 0,5 g/kg sheep - 5g/kg cattle • Nitrite - c. 20 mg/kg sheep - 100mg/kg cattle For soluble oxalate poisoning, go to Urogenital Menu.en
dc.description.abstractSYNDROMES: Nitrate/nitrite poisoning.en
dc.description.abstractSYSTEMS AFFECTED: Haemopoietic system.en
dc.description.abstractCLINICAL SIGNS: Acute poisoning: Respiratory System: • Hyperpnoea • Dyspnoea • Anoxia precipitated by exercise Central Nervous System: • Ataxia • Tremors • Weakness • Terminal convulsions (brain anoxia) Cardiovascular System: • Cardiovascular failure, syncope • Cyanosis • Methaemoglobinaemia: Blood & mucous membranes a dirty chocolate brown colour • Rapid weak pulse (drop in blood pressure) Gastrointestinal Tract: • Diarrhoea • Salivation (vomition) Abortion - especially last trimester For soluble oxalate poisoning, go the Urogenital Menu.en
dc.description.abstractNECROPSY: Macroscopical findings: • Cyanosis• Tarry, dark, red-brown to brown blood• Tissues and mucous membranes brown (Not apparent in every case) • Congestion • Petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages on mucosal, visceral and serosal surfaces.en
dc.description.abstractHISTOPATHOLOGY: • Nothing unusual or pathognomonic For soluble oxalate poisoning, go the Urogenital Menu.en
dc.description.abstractTREATMENT: 1. Methylene blue. Acts as intermediate electron acceptor that accelerates the reaction between NADPH and methaemoglobin. 2. Ascorbic acid. Also used in dogs for paracetamol poisoning.en
dc.description.urihttp://www.library.up.ac.za/vet/poisonen
dc.identifier.citationBotha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa.en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/8517
dc.rights©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.en
dc.sourceOriginal format: University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science.en
dc.subjectPlant poisoningen
dc.subjectToxicologyen
dc.subjectPlant poisoning in animalsen
dc.subjectPoisonous plantsen
dc.subjectNitrateen
dc.subjectNitriteen
dc.subjectMethaemoglobinen
dc.subject.lcshPoisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, Southernen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary toxicologyen
dc.titleAmaranthus speciesen
dc.title.alternativePigweeden
dc.title.alternativeHanekamaf
dc.title.alternativeCockscomben
dc.title.alternativeMisbredieaf
dc.typeStill Imageen

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