What research questions are we asking in English-language music therapy journals?

Abstract

INTRODUCTION : Music therapy (MT) research is well-established. Gaining an overview of the body of knowledge is valuable, including examining how we formulate research questions. In MT, the questions that are asked shape what is investigated, how studies are designed, and the types of knowledge that are prioritised. A descriptive analysis was conducted on English-language research articles published between 2017 and 2024 across 12 MT-specific journals to explore: (a) What research questions are asked? and (b) How can the insights from this study offer points for discussion that could shape how inquiry in the field proceeds? RESULTS : A total of 698 articles across 12 MT-specific journals were reviewed, and 1180 research questions were extracted and analysed. The research questions focused on eight areas: MT practice, MT as a profession, MT education, other related role-players, research processes, concepts, musicking, and looking outwards. The majority of questions addressed service users, particularly adults, with autistic individuals most frequently studied, followed by those with dementia. Established MT approaches received more attention than newer ones. Most questions were descriptive and open, with questions that critically interrogated their own assumptions being very rare. Only 3% of questions were developed collaboratively with participants. Researchers ask more questions about how MT processes are characterised and experienced than about change mechanisms. DISCUSSION : The findings reveal patterns and gaps in how MT researchers are currently shaping inquiry, particularly through how they craft their questions. By mapping current trends, this article aims to encourage critical reflection and promote purposeful, innovative approaches to advancing MT research.