Panicum species

dc.contributor.authorBotha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Elna
dc.contributor.emailchristo.botha@up.ac.zaen
dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology
dc.coverage.spatialAfricaen
dc.coverage.spatialSouth Africaen
dc.date.accessioned2008-12-22T07:44:51Z
dc.date.available2008-12-22T07:44:51Z
dc.date.issued2002
dc.descriptionColour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG. Photo 1: 12.9 kb, 96 ppi; Photo 2: 23.7 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 3: 102 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 4: 26.5 kb, 96 ppi. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria.en
dc.description.abstractDISTRIBUTION: Grows in fertile, damp soil, usually in the shade.en
dc.description.abstractBOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: General: Annual or perennial tufted grass species growing from rhizomes. Leaves: Leaf sheath is often hairy and leaf blades are rolled. Flowers: Inflorescence is an open panicle and often flushed with purple when growing in direct sunlight. September - March.en
dc.description.abstractTOXIC PRINCIPLE: • Similar to Geeldikkop. • Toxic principle: Steroidal saponins.en
dc.description.abstractMECHANISM OF ACTION: • Hydrolysis of a steroidal saponin to diosgenin with subsequent hydrogenation, reduction and epimerisation, which occurs in the rumen. • Epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin amongst others, are formed, absorbed and conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to be excreted via the bile. • However, the epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin glucuronides bind to Ca2+ to form an insoluble salt, which precipitates to form biliary crystals which obstruct the bile ducts.en
dc.description.abstractSYNDROMES: Dikoor.en
dc.description.abstractSYSTEMS AFFECTED: Liver.en
dc.description.abstractCLINICAL SIGNS: Dikoor – similar to geeldikkop – distribution Free State and Highveld. Sheep condition mainly. Usually milder disease (probably due to farming practice – detected earlier and kept in shade etc.).en
dc.description.abstractNECROPSY: Identical to Geeldikkop - Clefts, etc. identical Macroscopical findings: • Icterus and photosensitivity. • Liver - enlarged khaki to yellow-brown. • Chalky white sediment in bile ducts and gall bladder. • Later small pits on surface although morphology never distorted as in F.E. • Kidneys swollen and light in colour, with small green spots distributed through cortex.en
dc.description.abstractHISTOPATHOLOGY: • Accumulation of crystalloid material in portal and intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to partial or complete occlusion and concentric, lammellar periductal fibrosis. • Plate-like structures seen on section as clefts and on scanning EM as rose- like structures and/or debri in greater ducts. • Other pathological changes are present but are mostly secondary to this.en
dc.description.abstractTREATMENT: Keep in shade. Diet low in chorophyll. Antihistamines. Corticosteroids. Cholagogues. Liver supportive treatment. Valuable animals – barrier creams and tattoo ink will protect from sunburn.en
dc.description.urihttp://www.library.up.ac.za/vet/poisonen
dc.identifier.citationBotha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa.en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/8510
dc.rights©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.en
dc.sourceOriginal format: University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science.en
dc.subjectPlant poisoningen
dc.subjectToxicologyen
dc.subjectPlant poisoning in animalsen
dc.subjectPoisonous plantsen
dc.subjectDikooren
dc.subjectSaponinsen
dc.subject.lcshPoisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, Southernen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary toxicologyen
dc.titlePanicum speciesen
dc.title.alternativeBuffalo grassen
dc.title.alternativeBuffelsgrasaf
dc.title.alternativePanicum maximumen
dc.title.alternativePanicum coloratumen
dc.title.alternativeSmall buffalo grassen
dc.title.alternativeKleinbuffelsgrasaf
dc.typeStill Imageen

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