Plasmategnologie : ’n kort oorsig oor die ontstaan, teorie en ’n aantal toepassings daarvan
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Date
Authors
Jansen, Arnold Alexander
Van der Walt, Izak Jacobus
Crouse, Philippus L.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AOSIS Open Journals
Abstract
Daar word na plasmas as die vierde toestand van materie verwys. In die natuur manifesteer
plasmas as korona-ontladings, weerlig, aurora borealis en in sterre soos die son. Plasmas
kan ook opgewek word met elektriese boogontladings, radiofrekwensie-induksie,
mikrogolwe, diëlektriese ontladings en lasers.
Die ontstaansgeskiedenis van mensgemaakte plasmas en meegaande elektrotegnologie
sedert die middel van die 17de eeu word in hierdie oorsigartikel opgesom. Die plasmatoestand
word bespreek aan die hand van ’n algemene beskrywing en die fi siese eienskappe van ’n
paar algemeen-gebruikte plasmagasse word ingesluit. ’n Aantal verskillende tipes plasmas
en toepassings word kortliks bespreek, met die klem op termiese plasmas.
Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing en ontwikkeling op die gebied van plasmategnologie,
hoofsaaklik by Mintek, internasionaal bekend op die gebied van pirometallurgie, en Necsa,
word bespreek. `n Kort oorsig van die Suid-Afrikaanse pirometallurgiese bedryf word
ingesluit.
Spesiale fokus word geplaas op termiese afvalprosessering en plasmagesteunde
vergassing word met konvensionele prosesse vergelyk. Plasmagesteunde ver gassing vir
energieproduksie word in meer besonderhede bespreek. Laastens word ’n blik gegee op die
huidige internasionale plasmategnologieverskaffers.
Plasmas are referred to as the fourth state of matter. In nature plasmas manifest as corona discharges, lightning, aurora borealis and stars such as the sun. Plasmas can also be generated by electrical arc discharges, radiofrequency induction, microwaves, dielectric barrier discharges and lasers. The historic development of man-made plasmas and the associated electrical technology since the middle of the 17th century is summarised in this review. The plasma state is discussed in general and the physical properties of a number of generally used plasma gases are included. A number of different plasmas and their applications are briefl y discussed, with the emphasis on thermal plasmas. Plasma-technological research and development in South Africa, mainly at Mintek in the fi eld of pyrometallurgy, and Necsa, are discussed. A brief overview of the South African pyrometallurgical industry is provided. Special attention is given to thermal waste processing and plasma-assisted gasifi cation is compared to conventional processes. Plasma-assisted gasifi cation for energy production is discussed in more detail. Lastly an overview is given of present international plasmatechnology suppliers.
Plasmas are referred to as the fourth state of matter. In nature plasmas manifest as corona discharges, lightning, aurora borealis and stars such as the sun. Plasmas can also be generated by electrical arc discharges, radiofrequency induction, microwaves, dielectric barrier discharges and lasers. The historic development of man-made plasmas and the associated electrical technology since the middle of the 17th century is summarised in this review. The plasma state is discussed in general and the physical properties of a number of generally used plasma gases are included. A number of different plasmas and their applications are briefl y discussed, with the emphasis on thermal plasmas. Plasma-technological research and development in South Africa, mainly at Mintek in the fi eld of pyrometallurgy, and Necsa, are discussed. A brief overview of the South African pyrometallurgical industry is provided. Special attention is given to thermal waste processing and plasma-assisted gasifi cation is compared to conventional processes. Plasma-assisted gasifi cation for energy production is discussed in more detail. Lastly an overview is given of present international plasmatechnology suppliers.
Description
Keywords
Plasma, Oordragboog, Nie-oordragboog, Vergassing, Afval vernietiging, Energieproduksie, Plasma, Transfer arch, Non-transfer arch, Gasification, Waste disposal, Energy production
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Arnold A Jansen, Izak J
van der Walt, Philippus L
Crouse, Plasmategnologie:
’n Kort oorsig oor die
ontstaan, teorie en ’n
aantal toepassings daarvan,
Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif
vir Natuurwetenskap en
Tegnologie 39(1) (2020).
https://DOI.org/10.36303/SATNT.2020.39.1.746.
