Drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa : current status, gaps and opportunities

dc.contributor.authorIsmail, Nazir Ahmed
dc.contributor.authorIsmail, Farzana
dc.contributor.authorOmar, Shaheed Vally
dc.contributor.authorBlows, Linsay
dc.contributor.authorGardee, Yasmin
dc.contributor.authorKoornhof, Hendrik
dc.contributor.authorOnyebujoh, Philip C.
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-17T08:47:53Z
dc.date.available2019-04-17T08:47:53Z
dc.date.issued2018-12-06
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND : The World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets for 2035 are ambitious and drug resistant tuberculosis is an important barrier, particularly in Africa, home to over a billion people. OBJECTIVE : We sought to review the current status of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa and highlight key areas requiring improvement. METHODS : Available data from 2016 World Health Organization global tuberculosis database were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS : The true burden of drug resistant tuberculosis on the continent is poorly described with only 51% of countries having a formal survey completed. In the absence of this data, modelled estimates were used and reported 92 629 drug resistant tuberculosis cases with 42% of these occurring in just two countries: Nigeria and South Africa. Of the cases estimated, the majority of patients (70%) were not notified, representing ‘missed cases’. Mortality among patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was 21%, and was 43% among those with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. Policies on the adoption of new diagnostic tools was poor and implementation was lacking. A rifampicin result was available for less than 10% of tuberculosis cases in 23 of 47 countries. Second-line drug resistance testing was available in only 60% of countries. The introduction of the short multi-drug resistant tuberculosis regimen was a welcome development, with 40% of countries having implemented it in 2016. Bedaquiline has also been introduced in several countries. CONCLUSION : Drug resistant tuberculosis is largely missed in Africa and this threatens prospects to achieve the 2035 targets. Urgent efforts are required to confirm the true burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa. Adoption of new tools and drugs is essential if the 2035 targets are to be met.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentMedical Microbiologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2019en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.ajlmonline.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationIsmail N, Ismail F, Omar SV, et al. Drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa: Current status, gaps and opportunities. African Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2018;7(2), a781. https://DOI.org/10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.781.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2225-2002 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2225-2010 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.781
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/68992
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherAOSIS Open Journalsen_ZA
dc.rights© 2018. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.en_ZA
dc.subjectPatientsen_ZA
dc.subjectMortalityen_ZA
dc.subjectAfricaen_ZA
dc.subjectDrug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB)en_ZA
dc.titleDrug resistant tuberculosis in Africa : current status, gaps and opportunitiesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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