Rift Valley fever vector diversity and impact of meteorological and environmental factors on Culex pipiens dynamics in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

dc.contributor.authorHammami, Pachka
dc.contributor.authorTran, Annelise
dc.contributor.authorKemp, Alan
dc.contributor.authorTshikae, Balatlhane Power
dc.contributor.authorKgori, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorChevalier, Veronique
dc.contributor.authorPaweska, Janusz Tadeusz
dc.contributor.authorJori, Ferran J.
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-31T07:25:40Z
dc.date.available2016-08-31T07:25:40Z
dc.date.issued2016-08-08
dc.descriptionAdditional file 1: Serological analysis (Sampling strategy, laboratory analysis and results).en_ZA
dc.descriptionAdditional file 2: Mapping flooding extent method. Figure in Additional file 2. Maps of Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) derived from MODIS imagery at different dates corresponding to the study period.en_ZA
dc.descriptionAdditional file 3 Detail of the ordinary differential equation system.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND : In Northern Botswana, rural communities, livestock, wildlife and large numbers of mosquitoes cohabitate around permanent waters of the Okavango Delta. As in other regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus is known to circulate in that area among wild and domestic animals. However, the diversity and composition of potential RVF mosquito vectors in that area are unknown as well as the climatic and ecological drivers susceptible to affect their population dynamics. METHODS : Using net traps baited with carbon dioxide, monthly mosquito catches were implemented over four sites surrounding cattle corrals at the northwestern border of the Okavango Delta between 2011 and 2012. The collected mosquito species were identified and analysed for the presence of RVF virus by molecular methods. In addition, a mechanistic model was developed to assess the qualitative influence of meteorological and environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall and flooding levels, on the population dynamics of the most abundant species detected (Culex pipiens). RESULTS : More than 25,000 mosquitoes from 32 different species were captured with an overabundance of Cx. pipiens (69,39 %), followed by Mansonia uniformis (20,67 %) and a very low detection of Aedes spp. (0.51 %). No RVF virus was detected in our mosquito pooled samples. The model fitted well the Cx. pipiens catching results (ρ = 0.94, P = 0.017). The spatial distribution of its abundance was well represented when using local rainfall and flooding measures (ρ = 1, P = 0.083). The global population dynamics were mainly influenced by temperature, but both rainfall and flooding presented a significant influence. The best and worst suitable periods for mosquito abundance were around March to May and June to October, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : Our study provides the first available data on the presence of potential RVF vectors that could contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of RVF virus in the Okavango Delta. Our model allowed us to understand the dynamics of Cx. pipiens, the most abundant vector identified in this area. Potential predictions of peaks in abundance of this vector could allow the identification of the most suitable periods for disease occurrence and provide recommendations for vectorial and disease surveillance and control strategies.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentZoology and Entomologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2016en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding was provided by FAO. Award Number: LoA OSRO/INT/602/USA/B1.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.parasitesandvectors.comen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationHammami, P, Tran, A, Kemp, A, Tshikae, BP, Kgori, P, Chevalier, V, Paweska, J & Jori, FJ 2016, 'Rift Valley fever vector diversity and impact of meteorological and environmental factors on Culex pipiens dynamics in the Okavango Delta, Botswana', Parasites and Vectors, vol. 9, art. no. 434, pp. 1-17.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1756-3305
dc.identifier.other10.1186/s13071-016-1712-1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/56521
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_ZA
dc.rights© 2016 The Author(s). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_ZA
dc.subjectPopulation dynamics modelingen_ZA
dc.subjectOkavango Delta, Botswanaen_ZA
dc.subjectClimatic factorsen_ZA
dc.subjectFloodingen_ZA
dc.subjectMosquitoen_ZA
dc.subjectCulex pipiensen_ZA
dc.subjectVectoren_ZA
dc.subjectRemote sensingen_ZA
dc.subjectBotswanaen_ZA
dc.subjectRift Valley fever (RVF)en_ZA
dc.titleRift Valley fever vector diversity and impact of meteorological and environmental factors on Culex pipiens dynamics in the Okavango Delta, Botswanaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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