Eco-driving applications to freight trains

Abstract

The South African rail industry is seeking a critical measure to monitor and save energy usage in the freight rail sector. The rail industry is experiencing increasing operational costs and high energy consuming driving records along various coal lines. Eco-driving is a modern and efficient way of driving that emphasizes fuel efficiency, speed, and safety. This study provides an algorithm to find the optimal trajectory for a freight train hauling a load over a specific distance. Optimised speed profile is composed of optimal acceleration, coasting, and deceleration. The Freight Eco-Driving Energy Optimiser (FEDEO) solution is not yet applied to freight trains globally, especially in Africa. In this study, the eco-driving strategy of a freight train is formulated as an optimisation problem, whose objective function is the energy cost. The decision variables are the tractive and braking effort notches, and the speed, acceleration and distance limits are formulated as constraints. The formulated eco-driving problem is solved by Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) from the Opti- Solver toolbox. The FEDEO algorithm is applied to a train consisting of eight 19E locomotives with two-hundred CCR-9 wagons, over a distance of 90.64 km. The results show up to 34.76% reduction in energy costs.