Age of the association between Helicobacter pylori and man

dc.contributor.authorMoodley, Yoshan
dc.contributor.authorLinz, Bodo
dc.contributor.authorBond, Robert P.
dc.contributor.authorNieuwoudt, Martin J.
dc.contributor.authorSoodyall, Himla
dc.contributor.authorSchlebusch, Carina M.
dc.contributor.authorBernhoft, Steffi
dc.contributor.authorHale, James
dc.contributor.authorSuerbaum, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorMugisha, Lawrence
dc.contributor.authorVan der Merwe, Schalk Willem
dc.contributor.authorAchtman, Mark
dc.contributor.editorOchman, Howard
dc.date.accessioned2012-07-18T06:27:32Z
dc.date.available2012-07-18T06:27:32Z
dc.date.issued2012-05-10
dc.description.abstractWhen modern humans left Africa ca. 60,000 years ago (60 kya), they were already infected with Helicobacter pylori, and these bacteria have subsequently diversified in parallel with their human hosts. But how long were humans infected by H. pylori prior to the out-of-Africa event? Did this co-evolution predate the emergence of modern humans, spanning the species divide? To answer these questions, we investigated the diversity of H. pylori in Africa, where both humans and H. pylori originated. Three distinct H. pylori populations are native to Africa: hpNEAfrica in Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan speakers, hpAfrica1 in Niger-Congo speakers and hpAfrica2 in South Africa. Rather than representing a sustained coevolution over millions of years, we find that the coalescent for all H. pylori plus its closest relative H. acinonychis dates to 88–116 kya. At that time the phylogeny split into two primary super-lineages, one of which is associated with the former hunter-gatherers in southern Africa known as the San. H. acinonychis, which infects large felines, resulted from a later host jump from the San, 43–56 kya. These dating estimates, together with striking phylogenetic and quantitative humanbacterial similarities show that H. pylori is approximately as old as are anatomically modern humans. They also suggest that H. pylori may have been acquired via a single host jump from an unknown, non-human host. We also find evidence for a second Out of Africa migration in the last 52,000 years, because hpEurope is a hybrid population between hpAsia2 and hpNEAfrica, the latter of which arose in northeast Africa 36–52 kya, after the Out of Africa migrations around 60 kya.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipA special grant from the Max-Planck Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften, the ERA-NET PathoGenoMics (project HELDIVNET, 0313930B), the Science Foundation of Ireland (05/FE1/B882), the South African Gastroenterology Society (SAGES), and the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant SFB 900/A1).en_US
dc.description.urihttp://www.plospathogens.orgen_US
dc.identifier.citationMoodley Y, Linz B, Bond RP, Nieuwoudt M, Soodyall H, et al. (2012) Age of the Association between Helicobacter pylori and Man. PLoS Pathog 8(5): e1002693. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002693en_US
dc.identifier.issn1553-7366
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/19432
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rights© 2012 Moodley et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,en_US
dc.subjectHelicobacter pylorien_US
dc.subjectHumansen_US
dc.subject.lcshHelicobacter pylori infectionsen
dc.titleAge of the association between Helicobacter pylori and manen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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