Secondary victimisation of child victims in the criminal justice system

Abstract

This article focuses on the prevalence and nature of secondary victimisation of child victims in the criminal justice system (CJS). In addition, the authors explored whether the policies and legislation, which have been put into place to minimise secondary victimisation, are in actual fact enforced in practice. Subsequently, measures which should be taken to avoid or reduce the occurrence of secondary victimisation of child victims were investigated and described. A qualitative research approach was made use of and Piquero and Hickman’s extended control balance theory guided the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with social workers who have experience working with child victims and who are familiar with the CJS and how it impacts a young victim. The research participants indicated that child victims invariably encounter secondary victimisation whilst proceeding through the CJS. They attribute this victimisation to various criminal justice professionals who deal with child victims without the sufficient training and knowledge needed. Moreover, the research participants indicated that the effect of secondary victimisation on child victims is substantial and that it often resulted in withdrawal, delinquent behaviours, as well as suicidal tendencies. They also affirmed that the current legislation and policies, although powerful on paper, are not being enforced in practice. They reiterated that in order to avoid or reduce the occurrence of secondary victimisation, awareness and training need to be provided to all professionals who engage with child victims.