An e-haling crime and exploitation classification framework

Abstract

Society 5.0 is defined as “a human-cantered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems through socio-technical platforms that integrate cyberspace with physical space.” Society 5.0 is still a relatively new field of study, investigating new forms of, and platforms for, human-computer engagement. With the evolution of Society 5.0, it has been recognized that there has been an increase in number of e-hailing services (making use of public transport services through electronic applications) within the transportation industry. Although the introduction of e-haling services are seen as positive, this has also resulted in e-haling related crimes and exploitation. This research aims to present a first attempt classification of e-haling crime and exploitation. The research was performed by conducting a literature review that considered a subset of 33 peer reviewed articles (through a selection process) on themes relevant to how e-hailing services are exploited and what the modus operandi are when parties engage in e-haling exploitation and crime. Additionally, 7 relevant news articles were also included to make up the full spectrum of literature. The paper concludes by proposing a classification of the different forms of e-hailing crime and exploitation. This classification can be extended (e.g. the transport of illegal substances and human trafficking) and used in future research as a starting point to limit or prevent e-haling exploitation and crime.