Rabies vaccination of 6‐week‐old puppies born to immunized mothers: a randomized controlled trial in a high‐mortality population of owned, free‐roaming dogs

dc.contributor.authorArega, Sintayehu
dc.contributor.authorConan, Anne
dc.contributor.authorSabeta, Claude Taurai
dc.contributor.authorCrafford, Jan Ernst
dc.contributor.authorWentzel, Jeanette Maria
dc.contributor.authorReininghaus, Bjorn
dc.contributor.authorBiggs, Louise Joanne
dc.contributor.authorLeisewitz, Andrew L.
dc.contributor.authorQuan, Melvyn
dc.contributor.authorToka, Felix
dc.contributor.authorKnobel, Darryn Leslie
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-06T09:30:26Z
dc.date.available2021-04-06T09:30:26Z
dc.date.issued2020-03
dc.descriptionSupplementary Materials: Table S1. Results of sensitivity analysis for survival analysis (6 to 13 weeks of age), considering subjects reported as lost or stolen by owners as dead (n = 22); Table S2. Results of sensitivity analysis for survival analysis (6 to 13 weeks of age), censoring subjects that reportedly died from accidents (n = 5).en_ZA
dc.description.abstractTo achieve global elimination of human rabies from dogs by 2030, evidence-based strategies for effective dog vaccination are needed. Current guidelines recommend inclusion of dogs younger than 3 months in mass rabies vaccination campaigns, although available vaccines are only recommended for use by manufacturers in older dogs, ostensibly due to concerns over interference of maternally-acquired immunity with immune response to the vaccine. Adverse effects of vaccination in this age group of dogs have also not been adequately assessed under field conditions. In a single-site, owner-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in puppies born to mothers vaccinated within the previous 18 months in a high-mortality population of owned, free-roaming dogs in South Africa, we assessed immunogenicity and effect on survival to all causes of mortality of a single dose of rabies vaccine administered at 6 weeks of age. We found that puppies did not have appreciable levels of maternally-derived antibodies at 6 weeks of age (geometric mean titer 0.065 IU/mL, 95% CI 0.061–0.069; n = 346), and that 88% (95% CI 80.7–93.3) of puppies vaccinated at 6 weeks had titers ≥0.5 IU/mL 21 days later (n = 117). Although the average effect of vaccination on survival was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% CI 0.83–2.18), this effect was modified by sex (p = 0.02), with the HR in females 3.09 (95% CI 1.24–7.69) and the HR in males 0.79 (95% CI 0.41–1.53). We speculate that this effect is related to the observed survival advantage that females had over males in the unvaccinated group (HR 0.27; 95% CI 0.11–0.70), with vaccination eroding this advantage through as-yet-unknown mechanisms.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentCompanion Animal Clinical Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.departmentProduction Animal Studiesen_ZA
dc.description.departmentVeterinary Tropical Diseasesen_ZA
dc.description.librarianhj2021en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmeden_ZA
dc.identifier.citationArega, S., Conan, A., Sabeta, C.T. et al. 2020, 'Rabies vaccination of 6‐week‐old puppies born to immunized mothers: a randomized controlled trial in a high‐mortality population of owned, free‐roaming dogs', Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5(1): 45, doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5010045.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2414-6366 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3390/tropicalmed5010045
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/79312
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights© 2020 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_ZA
dc.subjectImmunogenicityen_ZA
dc.subjectMortalityen_ZA
dc.subjectMaternally-acquired immunityen_ZA
dc.subjectSexen_ZA
dc.subjectNonspecific effects of vaccinesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherVeterinary science articles SDG-03en_ZA
dc.subject.otherSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.titleRabies vaccination of 6‐week‐old puppies born to immunized mothers: a randomized controlled trial in a high‐mortality population of owned, free‐roaming dogsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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