Health impact of air pollution from shipping in the baltic sea : effects of different spatial resolutions in Sweden

dc.contributor.authorMwase, Nandi Sisasenkosi
dc.contributor.authorEkström, Alicia
dc.contributor.authorJonson, Jan Eiof
dc.contributor.authorSvensson, Erik
dc.contributor.authorJalkanen, Jukka-Pekka
dc.contributor.authorWichmann, Janine
dc.contributor.authorMolnár, Peter
dc.contributor.authorStockfelt, Leo
dc.contributor.emailu17242496@tuks.co.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-14T05:25:00Z
dc.date.available2021-05-14T05:25:00Z
dc.date.issued2020-11
dc.description.abstractIn 2015, stricter regulations to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and particulate air pollution from shipping were implemented in the Baltic Sea. We investigated the effects on population exposure to particles <2.5 µm (PM2.5) from shipping and estimated related morbidity and mortality in Sweden’s 21 counties at different spatial resolutions. We used a regional model to estimate exposure in Sweden and a city-scale model for Gothenburg. Effects of PM2.5 exposure on total mortality, ischemic heart disease, and stroke were estimated using exposure–response functions from the literature and combining them into disability-adjusted life years (DALYS). PM2.5 exposure from shipping in Gothenburg decreased by 7% (1.6 to 1.5 µg/m3 ) using the city-scale model, and 35% (0.5 to 0.3 µg/m3 ) using the regional model. Different population resolutions had no effects on population exposures. In the city-scale model, annual premature deaths due to shipping PM2.5 dropped from 97 with the high-sulfur scenario to 90 in the low-sulfur scenario, and in the regional model from 32 to 21. In Sweden, DALYs lost due to PM2.5 from Baltic Sea shipping decreased from approximately 5700 to 4200. In conclusion, sulfur emission restrictions for shipping had positive effects on health, but the model resolution affects estimations.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)en_ZA
dc.description.librarianpm2021en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipInterreg Baltic Sea Region Program and Sahlgrenska University Hospital under the ALF agreement.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMwase, N.S.; Ekström, A.; Jonson, J.E.; Svensson, E.; Jalkanen, J.-P.; Wichmann, J.; Molnár, P.; Stockfelt, L. Health Impact of Air Pollution from Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Effects of Different Spatial Resolutions in Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217963en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3390/ijerph17217963
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/79895
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights© 2020 by the authors. Licensee : MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.en_ZA
dc.subjectPopulation exposureen_ZA
dc.subjectHealth effectsen_ZA
dc.subjectMyocardial infarctionen_ZA
dc.subjectHeart attacken_ZA
dc.subjectStrokeen_ZA
dc.subjectAir pollutantsen_ZA
dc.subjectPopulation exposure to particles <2.5 µm (PM2.5)en_ZA
dc.subjectDisability-adjusted life years (DALYS)en_ZA
dc.subjectSulfur emission control areas (SECAs)en_ZA
dc.subjectSulfur emission control area (SECA)en_ZA
dc.subjectEuropean monitoring evaluation programme (EMEP)en_ZA
dc.titleHealth impact of air pollution from shipping in the baltic sea : effects of different spatial resolutions in Swedenen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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