Serological evidence of lyssaviruses among bats on Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands

Melade, Julien; McCulloch, Stewart D.; Ramasindrazana, Beza; Lagadec, Erwan; Turpin, Magali; Pascalis, Herve; Goodman, Steven M.; Markotter, Wanda; Dellagi, Koussay

Serological evidence of lyssaviruses among bats on Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands

dc.contributor.author	Melade, Julien
dc.contributor.author	McCulloch, Stewart D.
dc.contributor.author	Ramasindrazana, Beza
dc.contributor.author	Lagadec, Erwan
dc.contributor.author	Turpin, Magali
dc.contributor.author	Pascalis, Herve
dc.contributor.author	Goodman, Steven M.
dc.contributor.author	Markotter, Wanda
dc.contributor.author	Dellagi, Koussay
dc.contributor.email	wanda.markotter@up.ac.za	en_ZA
dc.date.accessioned	2016-10-21T06:07:27Z
dc.date.available	2016-10-21T06:07:27Z
dc.date.issued	2016-08-08
dc.description	S1 Fig. Distribution of neutralising antibody titers to DUVV and LBV in bats from southwestern Indian Ocean islands as assessed by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test. Results represent the proportion of sera from insectivorous and frugivorous bat species titering at 1/25 (the cut off value of positivity), 1/125, and 1/625 among the sera tested positive for each challenge virus.	en_ZA
dc.description	S2 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Madagascar. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. ANKPK for “Ankapoka”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue; those neutralising LBV only are in red, those cross-neutralising DUVV + EBLV-1 are in yellow. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only, EBLV-1 only, cross-neutralised DUVV and EBLV-1 and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown. The six red squares indicate the provincial capitals.	en_ZA
dc.description	S3 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Anjouan. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. COA for “College d'Ouani”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only and LBV only are in brown.	en_ZA
dc.description	S4 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mayotte. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. MGJ for “Mangajou”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and those neutralising LBV only are in red.	en_ZA
dc.description	S5 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on La Réunion. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. GTB for “Grotte de Trois Bassin”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and sites which combine animals which sera cross-neutralised DUVV + EBLV-1 or LBV only are in brown.	en_ZA
dc.description	S6 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mauritius. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. CSC for “Cascavelle”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue; those cross-neutralising DUVV+EBLV-1 are in yellow. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only or EBLV-1 only and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown.	en_ZA
dc.description	S7 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mahé. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. FRL for “FairyLand”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only, EBLV-1 only, cross-neutralised DUVV+EBLV-1 and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown.	en_ZA
dc.description	S1 Table. Information from sites on Anjouan, Madagascar, Mahé, Mauritius, Mayotte and La Réunion, indicated as: the island name, the site name (and abbreviation), GPS coordinates, type of habitat and number of species recorded at each site (one or more than one).	en_ZA
dc.description	S1 Text. Authorisations for sampling of bats on different southwestern Indian Ocean islands. List of authorisations required for bat sampling from Madagascar, La Réunion, Mayotte, Anjouan, Mahé and Mauritius authorities.	en_ZA
dc.description	S2 Text. Ethical clearance information. Ethical procedure applied for bat sampling on Madagascar, La Réunion, Mayotte, Anjouan, Mahé and Mauritius.	en_ZA
dc.description.abstract	We provide serological evidence of lyssavirus circulation among bats on southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. A total of 572 bats belonging to 22 species were collected on Anjouan, Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius, Mahé and Madagascar and screened by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test for the presence of neutralising antibodies against the two main rabies related lyssaviruses circulating on the African continent: Duvenhage lyssavirus (DUVV) and Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV), representing phylogroups I and II, respectively. A total of 97 and 42 sera were able to neutralise DUVV and LBV, respectively. No serum neutralised both DUVV and LBV but most DUVV-seropositive bats (n = 32/220) also neutralised European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) but not Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), the prototypic lyssavirus of phylogroup I. These results highlight that lyssaviruses belonging to phylogroups I and II circulate in regional bat populations and that the putative phylogroup I lyssavirus is antigenically closer to DUVV and EBLV-1 than to RABV. Variation between bat species, roost sites and bioclimatic regions were observed. All brain samples tested by RTPCR specific for lyssavirus RNA were negative.	en_ZA
dc.description.department	Medical Virology	en_ZA
dc.description.librarian	am2016	en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship	This work was supported by funding from CRVOI and from the European Regional Development Funds FEDER POCT “Pathogènes associés à la Faune Sauvage Océan Indien” project (N° 31189), and FEDER-POCT ParamyxOI project (N° 33857), as well as the National Research Foundation, South Africa (UID 91496, and 85786). Sampling on Mayotte was supported by ECOSAN/ CNRS-INEE “Batman”. B. Ramasindrazana’s postdoctoral fellowship at CRVOI was funded by “RUN-Emerge, European Commission FP7 Regpot Capacity program”, the “Fonds de Coopération régionale, Prefecture de La Réunion”, and The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, through the Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust.	en_ZA
dc.description.uri	http://www.plosone.org	en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation	Mélade J, McCulloch S, Ramasindrazana B, Lagadec E, Turpin M, Pascalis H, et al. (2016) Serological Evidence of Lyssaviruses among Bats on Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0160553. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160553.	en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.other	10.1371/journal.pone.0160553
dc.identifier.other	10.5061/dryad.gp4h2
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57400
dc.language.iso	en	en_ZA
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science	en_ZA
dc.rights	© 2016 Mélade et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.	en_ZA
dc.subject	Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV)	en_ZA
dc.subject	European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1)	en_ZA
dc.subject	Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO)	en_ZA
dc.subject	Duvenhage lyssavirus (DUVV)	en_ZA
dc.title	Serological evidence of lyssaviruses among bats on Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands	en_ZA
dc.type	Article	en_ZA