Behavioural sensitivity towards emission concepts

Abstract

Agent-based simulation lends itself to study emergent behaviour when agents respond autonomously, based on their unique and individual attributes, to external interventions. In transport, the vehicle-specific attribute of interest is its fuel efficiency and emissions. While research showed that vehicle-specific emissions can be accounted for in terms of pollutant quantities, this paper aims to demonstrate that the chosen model is sensitive to a vehicle’s designated emissions concept. In urban freight or city logistics, such behavioural sensitivity is necessary to evaluate interventions like low emission zones where access is provided to goods vehicles based on their emission category.