Skin cancer prevention and sunscreens

Abstract

A parent visits their general practitioner with their 1 year old child, who is due to receive several vaccinations. During the appointment, the parent asks whether it is OK to start using infant sunscreen formulations, as they have heard there is a risk that sunscreens can be unsafe for infants, and that they can cause skin reactions. You observe that the infant has fair skin. The parent notes their child has sensitive skin, which is easily irritated, and asks for your recommendation. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW • The global burden of disease from melanoma is high and increasing; it occurs predominantly as a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (from sunlight or sunbeds) most commonly in people with fair, sun sensitive skin. • The World Health Organization recommends sun protection measures when the UV index is forecast to reach 3 and above. • Regular use of sunscreen can prevent melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma; however, the effectiveness of sunscreen is dependent on the amount applied, coverage of exposed skin, and reapplication. • Opportunistic behavioural counselling from healthcare professionals can increase sun protection behaviours and is recommended for parents of young children, adolescents, and groups at high risk. • Tailor sun protection recommendations to individual risk factors, considering skin pigmentation, concurrent risk of vitamin D deficiency, immune system status, and UV radiation exposure.