Variation of indoor particulate matter concentrations and association with indoor/outdoor temperature : a case study in rural Limpopo, South Africa

dc.contributor.authorKapwata, Thandi
dc.contributor.authorLanguage, Brigitte
dc.contributor.authorPiketh, Stuart
dc.contributor.authorWright, Caradee Yael
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-25T12:02:45Z
dc.date.available2018-05-25T12:02:45Z
dc.date.issued2018-03-23
dc.description.abstractThere is still a pressing concern regarding the causes of poor indoor air quality and the consequent effects on health, because people spend a considerable amount of time indoors. Information about seasonal variation and the determinants of particulate matter (PM) concentrations could guide the design and implementation of intervention strategies. This study was conducted in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa. The main aim was to assess indoor air quality. Indoor PM and temperature were monitored to describe seasonal and diurnal patterns of indoor PM4 concentration and to estimate the association between PM concentrations and indoor as well as ambient conditions. Indoor PM4 was monitored hourly in kitchens for the duration of spring (September), summer (February) and winter (July). Indoor temperatures were monitored hourly in kitchens, living rooms and bedrooms. Outdoor temperature and outdoor relative humidity were also monitored for the same period. Indoor temperatures showed a large range in the three sampled seasons, with the maximum values raising the largest cause for concern. Maximum indoor temperatures in summer exceeded the threshold of 35 C, which has been shown to have adverse health effects. Occupants of the sampled households were exposed to indoor PM4 concentrations that exceeded national and international guidelines. Hourly indoor temperature was statistically significantly correlated to PM4 concentrations in the summer and spring (r = 0.22 and 0.24 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) and negatively correlated to outdoor relative humidity (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). Diurnal PM4 variations showed pronounced patterns with morning and evening peaks. PM4 was consistently higher throughout the day in summer compared to spring and winter. Community-based intervention strategies should consider these seasonal differences in PM4 exposure and tailor awareness messages for exposure prevention accordinglyen_ZA
dc.description.departmentGeography, Geoinformatics and Meteorologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2018en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe South African Medical Research Council Seed Flagship Grant, as well as funds from National Treasury under its Economic Competitiveness and Support Package. This research was also carried out for the iDEWS (infectious Diseases Early-Warning System) project supported by SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) Programme of JICA (JAPAN International Cooperation Agency)/AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) in Japan and the ACCESS (Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science) program of NRF (National Research Foundation) and DST (Department of Science and Technology in South Africa).en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphereen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationKapwata, T., Language, B., Piketh, S. & Wright, C.Y. 2018, 'Variation of indoor particulate matter concentrations and association with indoor/outdoor temperature : a case study in rural Limpopo, South Africa', Atmosphere, vol. 9, no. 4, art. no. 124, pp. 1-14.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2073-4433 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3390/atmos9040124
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/65025
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPI Publishingen_ZA
dc.rights© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.en_ZA
dc.subjectAir qualityen_ZA
dc.subjectDiurnal variationen_ZA
dc.subjectTemperatureen_ZA
dc.subjectSouth Africa (SA)en_ZA
dc.subjectAtmospheric temperatureen_ZA
dc.subjectSeasonal differencesen_ZA
dc.subjectOutdoor temperatureen_ZA
dc.subjectIntervention strategyen_ZA
dc.subjectDesign and implementationen_ZA
dc.subjectAdverse health effectsen_ZA
dc.subjectSpace heatingen_ZA
dc.subjectRural areasen_ZA
dc.subjectIndoor air pollutionen_ZA
dc.titleVariation of indoor particulate matter concentrations and association with indoor/outdoor temperature : a case study in rural Limpopo, South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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