Experiences of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in the Limpopo Province

Abstract

INTRODUCTION HIV remains a global health concern despite the efforts by different countries to combat the infection. Perinatally acquired HIV affects a large number of children who are growing into adolescence due to the widespread availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Adolescents with perinatal HIV face a high rate of disease burden, health complications, greater need for ART and high mortality rate than those who got infected during adolescence. The duration of HIV in the adolescents’ bodies contributes to the long history of HIV complications and social stressors. The adolescents who acquired HIV in their teens are likely to have a higher CD4 cell count and less chances of viral resistance. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in Limpopo Province. METHODOLOGY This was a qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach, which seeks to understand the experiences of the adolescents with perinatal HIV from their own viewpoint. The design allowed the adolescents to describe their experiences as lived, and how they construct meaning of their lives. A sample of 20 adolescents, males and females with acquired perinatal HIV was selected purposefully to participate in the study. In-depth unstructured individual interviews were used to collect data from the participants, which were audio-recorded with the participants’ permission. This was followed by probing questions which obtained a rich, detailed data from the participants. This study utilised Giorgi’s method of data analysis and three main themes and subthemes emerged from the study. All steps of Giorgi’s method of analysis were employed. FINDINGS The study findings revealed the various and difficult challenges that are faced by the adolescents with perinatal HIV throughout their lives. Themes that emerged out of this study were as followed: Acknowledgement of negative effects of perinatally acquired HIV, disclosure of HIV status and distressing and disruptive social effects of HIV. CONCLUSION The adolescents with perinatal HIV emerge as a unique part of the society with special health care needs related to them.