Subterranean transportation networks in South Africa : pre-feasibility, challenges and opportunities

Abstract

As urban traffic congestion worsens, subterranean transportation networks offer a promising solution for enhancing mobility in South Africa. This paper presents findings from interviews with 107 industry experts assessing the feasibility and challenges of underground excavation. Key cost drivers such as equipment, geological conditions, and water management were identified. Respondents cited issues such as soil and groundwater management, safety and ventilation, and regulatory compliance. A majority (63%) expressed optimism about subterranean networks, highlighting benefits like congestion relief and urban space optimisation, while 37% raised concerns over high costs, integration challenges, and political feasibility. Success hinges on investment, advancing tunnelling technology, and government support. The study concludes subterranean transport is technically feasible, but broader adoption requires pilot projects, awareness campaigns, and long-term planning to overcome financial and regulatory hurdles.