Inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in South Africa

dc.contributor.authorMaartens, Louis Henning
dc.contributor.authorJoubert, Hilda Wilhelmina
dc.contributor.authorAitchison, Henry
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Estelle Hildegard
dc.date.accessioned2015-01-27T11:15:05Z
dc.date.available2015-01-27T11:15:05Z
dc.date.issued2014-12-02
dc.description.abstractInclusion body hepatitis is an acute disease of chickens ascribed to viruses of the genus Aviadenovirus and referred to as fowl adenovirus (FAdV). There are 12 FAdV types (FAdV1 to FAdV8a and FAdV8b to FAdV11), classified into five species based on their genotype (designated FAdVA to FAdVE). A total of 218 000 chickens, 2–29 days of age, were affected over a 1-year period, all testing positive by microscopy, virus isolation and confirmation with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Affected birds were depressed, lost body weight, were weak and had watery droppings. Pathological changes observed during necropsy indicated consistent changes in the liver, characterised by hepatomegaly, cholestasis and hepatitis. Lesions were also discernible in the spleen, kidney and gizzard wall and were characterised by splenomegaly, pinpoint haemorrhages, nephritis with haemorrhage, visceral gout and serosal ecchymosis of the gizzard wall. Histopathological lesions were most consistently observed in the liver but could also be seen in renal and splenic tissue. Virus isolation was achieved in embryonated eggs and most embryos revealed multifocal to diffuse hepatic necrosis, with a mixed cellular infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils (necro-granulomas), even in the absence of macroscopic pathology. Virus isolation results were verified by histopathology and PCR on embryonic material and further characterised by nucleotide sequence analysis. Two infectious bursal disease virus isolates were also made from the Klerksdorp flock. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the L1 hexon loop of all the FAdV isolates indicated homology (99%) with prototype strains P7-A for FAdV-2, as well as for FAdV-8b.en_ZA
dc.description.librariantm2015en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.jsava.co.zaen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMaartens, L.H., Joubert, H.W., Aitchison, H. & Venter, E.H., 2014, ‘Inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in South Africa’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 85(1), Art. #1146, 5 pages. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava. v85i1.1146.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0038-2809 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2224-9435 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.4102/jsava. v85i1.1146
dc.identifier.otherO-6953-2014
dc.identifier.other7003904650
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/43442
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherAOSIS OpenJournals Publishingen_ZA
dc.relation.requiresAdobe Acrobat Readeren
dc.rights© 2014. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.en_ZA
dc.subjectBroiler flocksen_ZA
dc.subjectChickens -- Diseasesen_ZA
dc.subjectHistopathological lesionsen_ZA
dc.subjectFowl adenovirus (FAdV)en_ZA
dc.subjectPoultry -- Diseasesen_ZA
dc.subjectInclusion body hepatitis (IBH)en_ZA
dc.titleInclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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