Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in South Africa

dc.contributor.authorTagwireyi, Whatmore Munetsi
dc.contributor.authorThompson, P.N. (Peter N.)
dc.contributor.authorGarcia, Gema Alvarez
dc.contributor.authorMorar-Leather, Darshana
dc.contributor.authorNeves, L.C.B.G.D. (Luís)
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-26T06:51:08Z
dc.date.available2024-08-26T06:51:08Z
dc.date.issued2024-08
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY : No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.en_US
dc.description.abstractBovine neosporosis is a widespread parasitic disease associated with significant economic losses. Its effects on the reproductive performance of cows have resulted in losses that run into the hundreds of millions of US dollars in dairy industries in various countries (Reichel et al., Int J Parasitol 43:133–142, 2013). Due to outdated and scant information on the occurrence of Neospora caninum infection in South Africa, the study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection in dairy cattle in South Africa. A total of 1401 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle on 48 dairy farms in seven of the nine provinces in South Africa. A close-ended questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional study to obtain farm-level and animal-level data. Serological testing was done using a commercial IDvet Screen® Neospora caninum Indirect ELISA. An overall seroprevalence, adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity, of 2.3% (95% CI, 1.3–4.1) was detected and 48% (23/48) of sampled farms had at least one animal testing positive. The highest seroprevalence of N. caninum was in the KwaZulu-Natal province with 7.5% (95% CI, 3.8–14.3), and the lowest in Western Cape with 0.1% (95% CI, 0–1.2). The highest within-farm seroprevalence of 25% was detected on a farm in the North West Province. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of N. caninum seropositivity were higher in Holstein–Friesian cattle when compared to other breeds. Good hygiene was identified as a protective factor. Cattle left out on pasture had increased odds of testing positive for N. caninum compared to those that were penned. The odds of testing seropositive for N. caninum was higher on farms that practised segregation of cattle into different age groups. The purchase of replacement animals was a significant risk factor, as open herds had increased odds of N. caninum seropositivity. Cattle on farms that did not have a specific calving location were more likely to be seropositive. This is the first such study in South Africa and shows that N. caninum is widely distributed in the country at a low seroprevalence, but it may be a cause of concern on certain farms.en_US
dc.description.departmentProduction Animal Studiesen_US
dc.description.departmentVeterinary Tropical Diseasesen_US
dc.description.librarianhj2024en_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-02:Zero Hungeren_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-beingen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe University of Pretoria and the National Research Foundation in South Africa. Open access funding provided by University of Pretoria.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://link.springer.com/journal/436en_US
dc.identifier.citationTagwireyi, W.M., Thompson, P.N., Garcia, G.A. et al. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in South Africa. Parasitology Research 123, 298 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08309-8.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0932-0113 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1432-1955 (online)
dc.identifier.issn10.1007/s00436-024-08309-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/97848
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.subjectNeospora caninumen_US
dc.subjectDairy cattleen_US
dc.subjectSouth Africa (SA)en_US
dc.subjectRisk factorsen_US
dc.subjectRisk factorsen_US
dc.subjectEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)en_US
dc.subjectWestern bloten_US
dc.subjectSDG-03: Good health and well-beingen_US
dc.subjectSDG-02: Zero hungeren_US
dc.titleSeroprevalence and associated risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in South Africaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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