Bluetongue : a historical and epidemiological perspective with the emphasis on South Africa

dc.contributor.authorCoetzee, Peter
dc.contributor.authorStokstad, Maria
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Estelle Hildegard
dc.contributor.authorMyrmel, Mette
dc.contributor.authorVan Vuuren, Moritz
dc.date.accessioned2012-11-30T08:06:49Z
dc.date.available2012-11-30T08:06:49Z
dc.date.issued2012-09-13
dc.description.abstractBluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype member of the Orbivirus genus in the family Reoviridae. Bluetongue was first described in South Africa, where it has probably been endemic in wild ruminants since antiquity. Since its discovery BT has had a major impact on sheep breeders in the country and has therefore been a key focus of research at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute in Pretoria, South Africa. Several key discoveries were made at this Institute, including the demonstration that the aetiological agent of BT was a dsRNA virus that is transmitted by Culicoides midges and that multiple BTV serotypes circulate in nature. It is currently recognized that BT is endemic throughout most of South Africa and 22 of the 26 known serotypes have been detected in the region. Multiple serotypes circulate each vector season with the occurrence of different serotypes depending largely on herd-immunity. Indigenous sheep breeds, cattle and wild ruminants are frequently infected but rarely demonstrate clinical signs, whereas improved European sheep breeds are most susceptible. The immunization of susceptible sheep remains the most effective and practical control measure against BT. In order to protect sheep against multiple circulating serotypes, three pentavalent attenuated vaccines have been developed. Despite the proven efficacy of these vaccines in protecting sheep against the disease, several disadvantages are associated with their use in the field.en
dc.description.librarianab2012en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Norwegian School of Veterinary Scienceen
dc.description.urihttp://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/198en
dc.identifier.citationCoetzee et al.: Bluetongue: a historical and epidemiological perspective with the emphasis on South Africa. Virology Journal 2012 9:198.en
dc.identifier.issn1743-422X (print)
dc.identifier.issn1743-422X (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1186/1743-422X-9-198
dc.identifier.other7003904650
dc.identifier.other7004572625
dc.identifier.otherO-6953-2014
dc.identifier.otherN-9080-2014
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/20611
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen
dc.relation.requiresAdobe Acrobat Readeren
dc.rights© 2012 Coetzee et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen
dc.subjectBluetongue virusen
dc.subjectCulicoidesen
dc.subjectSerotypeen
dc.subjectSurveyen
dc.subjectAfrican carnivoresen
dc.subjectAfrican herbivoresen
dc.subjectSheep -- Diseasesen
dc.subjectCattle -- Diseasesen
dc.subjectOnderstepoorten
dc.subjectSouth Africaen
dc.subjectVaccinesen
dc.subject.lcshBluetongue -- South Africaen
dc.subject.lcshOrbivirus infections in animals -- South Africaen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary epidemiology -- South Africaen
dc.subject.lcshBluetongue -- Epidemiologyen
dc.titleBluetongue : a historical and epidemiological perspective with the emphasis on South Africaen
dc.typeArticleen

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