Mesenchymal stromal cells : a possible reservoir for HIV-1?

dc.contributor.authorKallmeyer, Karlien
dc.contributor.authorRyder, Megan A. (Ashley)
dc.contributor.authorPepper, Michael Sean
dc.contributor.emailmichael.pepper@up.ac.zaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-07T07:49:15Z
dc.date.available2022-12-07T07:49:15Z
dc.date.issued2022-04
dc.description.abstractThe introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 into a chronic, well-managed disease. However, these therapies do not eliminate all infected cells from the body despite suppressing viral load. Viral rebound is largely due to the presence of cellular reservoirs which support long-term persistence of HIV-1. A thorough understanding of the HIV-1 reservoir will facilitate the development of new strategies leading to its detection, reduction, and elimination, ultimately leading to curative therapies for HIV-1. Although immune cells derived from lymphoid and myeloid progenitors have been thoroughly studied as HIV-1 reservoirs, few studies have examined whether mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can assume this function. In this review, we evaluate published studies which have assessed whether MSCs contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. MSCs have been found to express the receptors and co-receptors required for HIV-1 entry, albeit at levels of expression and receptor localisation that vary considerably between studies. Exposure to HIV-1 and HIV-1 proteins alters MSC properties in vitro, including their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating whether MSCs can become infected with and harbour latent integrated proviral DNA are lacking. In conclusion, MSCs appear to have the potential to contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. However, further studies are needed using techniques such as those used to prove that cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells constitute an HIV-1 reservoir before a reservoir function can definitively be ascribed to MSCs.en_US
dc.description.departmentImmunologyen_US
dc.description.librarianhj2022en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe South African Medical Research Council (Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy and University Flagship grants) and the University of Pretoria through the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://link.springer.com/journal/12015en_US
dc.identifier.citationKallmeyer, K., Ryder, M.A. & Pepper, M.S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: a Possible Reservoir for HIV-1? Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 18, 1253–1280 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-021-10298-5.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1550-8943 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1558-6804 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s12015-021-10298-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/88682
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.subjectAntiretroviral therapy (ART)en_US
dc.subjectHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)en_US
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)en_US
dc.subjectMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs)en_US
dc.subjectCellular reservoirsen_US
dc.subjectReceptors/co-receptorsen_US
dc.subjectHIV-1 proteinsen_US
dc.subjectHIV-1 latencyen_US
dc.subjectStem cellsen_US
dc.subjectinfectionen_US
dc.subjectViral rebounden_US
dc.titleMesenchymal stromal cells : a possible reservoir for HIV-1?en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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